ZAUKPHUNG (Democracy)

ZAUKPHUNG (Democracy)

Salai Sang Hnin Lian

Zaukphung (Democracy) biafang hi Greek biafang in a rami a si. Demos le Kratos a hmasa biakfang i suallam cu Mipi (People) tinak a si i a hnu ah deuh biafang hi Aanaa- Nawlngeihnak (Power) tinak a si. A fawinak in Zaukphung nih a sawh duhmi/suallam cu Mipi hna i Nawlngeihnak tinak a si (Power of the people). Cucaah Zaukphung ah cun Mipi hna nih Direct in asiloah aiawhthlah (Indrect) in Mipi nih anmahte in hruainak acozah uknak phung a si. A sawh duhnak cu Mipi nih anmah hruaitu ding kha lungtlingte in thim i cu thimmi nih cun Mipi hna duh ning khan hruai ding kha a si. Ramuknak (Politics) kong cawnnak ah cun Zaukphung a sullam cu a phunphun in a um ko lai. Asinain, Greek khua i an rak hmanmi le an thokmi Zaukphung cu Mipi nih hruaimi acozah kha a si ko. Asinain, Aristotle, Greek mifimpa nih cun “Lungthin put a pialmi, asiloah ningcang a si lomi” uknak phung tiah a rak ruah. Zaukphung ah cun acozah hruaitu a si liomi hna i an tthawnnak cu Mipi hna sinah a bung in a um tiah tuanbia cawnnak ah thiamsang a simi Greek mifimpa Herodotus nih cun a ti. Cun, US-Ramhun Abraham Lincoln nih cun “Mipi hna i acozah, Mipi hna in acozah le Mipi hna caah acozah” tiah a ti. 

Cachimtu Seeley nih cun Zaukphung ah cun ahohmanh nih tinvo, covo, tuanvo, le i telh khawhnak, etc… an ngeihnak acozah a si a ti ve. Culawng siloin in cawnpiaktu a simi American mifimpa Gettell nih cun Zaukphung ah cun a sang bik nawlngeihnak tinvo, covo, tuanvo le i telhkhawhnak, etc… hna kha milurel a tam u nih nawl a ngeihnak uknak phung a si a ti. A cung lei i kan langtermi Zaukphung a sullam hna hi kan zoh a si ahcun a zapite in a tthami le a biapimi lawngte an si dih. A tawinak in kan chim a si ahcun, Zaukphung cu acozah i a sang bik nawlngeihnak cu Mipi hna kut ah le Mipi hna cu Rampi i nawlngeihnak sang bik a si zia kha fiangte in a langhter. Zeiruangah tiah cun, Rampi hruainak ah Mipi nih direct asiloah aiawhtu (representative) thlah in i uknak phung a si. Cucaah Zaukphung cu Mipi tam deuh duhnak in hruaimi uknak phung a si kan ti khawh. Mipi tam deuh duhnak in hruaimi uknak phung a siko nain Mi tlawm u duhnak kha a hlaw hlei lomi uknak phung a si fawn.
 
Zaukphung Tthen Ning
Zaukphung cu phun hnih (2) in kan tthen khawh; 1) Direct le 2) Aiawhthlah (Indirect or Representative) zaukphung an si.
 
Direct Democracy: Direct Zaukphung cu Mipi nih bupi he a pehtlaimi rian kongkau ah karlakah zeihmanh umlo mi direct in an duhnak an langhternak phun acozah kha a si. Mibu metting ah Mipi nih phung an ser. Cubantuk tonak in Mipi hna nih anmah i hruainak kongkau ah karlak pehtlaitu asiloah aiawhtu mi zeihmanh umlo tein an ruahnak an langhternak kha a thiangmi asilo ah direct zaukphung cu a si. A sang bik mi nawlngeihnak kha Mipi hna nih direct in ahohmanh aiawhtu minung (representative) in i tello in a sang bik nawlngeihnak an hman khawhnak uknak phung a si tiah Hearnshaw nih a ti. Direct Zaukphung cu kha hlan Greek khua ah an rak thok. Cun, India zongah Direct Zaukphung hi Vajji Sangha, Buddhist chan lio ah hin kan rak hmuh khawh. Atu ah cun Ram le Mipi hna hmunkhat ah tampi in um a si cang caah Direct Democracy-Zaukphung hi hman khawh a si ti lo. Direct Zaukphung cu Mipi an dihlakte in Ram uknak kongkau khuakhannak ah an i tel khawh dihnak phung a si. Cu bantuk phung cu atu Switzerland ram lawng ah kan hmuh khawh cang. Cuhnacu; Appenzell, Unterwanlden le Glarus an si.

Aiawhthlah Zaukphung - (Indirect or Representative Democracy): Aiawhtu thlah in hruainak Zaukphung ah cun Ram caah Mipi nih direct in anmahte in thil pipa biakhiahnak tuahnak le ralringte in ruah le ceih ciammamnak kha tuah loin Aiawhtu an thimmi hna nih khan Mipi lung tlinnak/duhning in khuakhaan i hruaimi uknak phung a si. Cubantuk phung ah cun Mipi Aiawhtu cheukhat hna nih acozah nawlngeihnak kha caan kar caah Mipi nih thimnak in an tlaih. Cubantuk thimnak cu kum4, kum 5 ah voikhat in a um i Mipi Aiawhtu hna cu thlen tthan lengmang an si.
 
Cubantuk acozah cu kum zabu hleisarih lio (17th century) ah England ram ah an rak thok. France ram ah 1830 le Italy ram ah 1948 kum hna ah an rak hman. A voikhatnak Ralpi a dih in Weimer phunghrampi zulh in Germany ram ah an rak thok ve. Cu hnu ah a voihnih nak Ralpi a dih in West Germany ram an hman. Nihin kan vawlei ah Ram tthangcho tampi hna cu hi Aiawhthlah (Indirect or Representative) Zaukphung an zul. Cu hna cu Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States of America, West Germany, Italy, France, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Austria le Belgium hna an si.

Zaukphung; A Herhmi Siloah A Hrampi A Simi
 
Luatnak (Liberty): Zaukphung i a biapi bik hrampi a simi cu luatnak (Liberty) le pakhat le pakhat ikhahnak, itiatnak, ingawtnak (Equality) an si. Mipi hna nih Zaukphung uknak ahcun a sang bikmi luatnak le ikhahnak kha nuam le tling tein an tin co. Great Britain ram ah cun, an rampi ihruainak ah buaibainak pakhat khat an ton sual tikah Ram hruaitu lutlaitu bik (Prime Minister) nih a mah a dotu/ralkah (opposition) a simi hruaitu lutlaitu bik a ton i ruahnak hna a hal. Asinain, Siangpahrang uknak phung (Monarchy), Hramhram uknak phung (Dictatorship) hna ah cun zeibantuk a biapi mi caan hmanh ah Mipi le dotu/ralkah party a simi cu chimrel khawhnak ngeih a si lo.
 
Ikhahnak (Equality): Zaukphung i a biapitnak bik pakhat a simi cu pakhat le pakhat ikhahnak, ingawtnak le itiatnak (Equality) hi a si. Rian asan deuh ruang ah siseh, bianak ruang ah siseh, hrinsor le phun in siseh, nu le pa sinak in siseh i dan ruang ah Mipi cung ah zeihmanh thleidannak a um lo. Culawng siloin, mi zeihmanh ram phungphai (Laws) hmai ah ikhah dih a si i, a hohmanh duhsak deuhmi um a si fawn lo. Zatlang nun ikhahnak a biapit tlukte in pumpak tthanchonak le ramrian tuannak ah pakhat le pakhat ikhahnak hi a biapi tukmi a si. Pumpak tthanchonak i mipi sirumnak le sifahnak ikhahnak a um ttung lo ahcun ramrian le zatlang nun ikhahnak cu pakpalawng an si.
 
Unau sinak/Daw tein umnak (Fraternity): Zaukphung uknak cu daite in ihruainak hmunhma lawng ah a tam bik tlam a tling. Culawng siloin a buaibaimi pawngkam ahcun ping a su. Curuang ah vawlei cung i Zaukphung uknak in a hruaimi hna nih vawlei pumpi chung ah deihnak caah heh tiah an izuam. 
 
Mipi nawl ngeihnak sang bik: Zaukphung uknak ah cun a sang bik le a donghnak bik nawl ngeihnak cu Mipi hna kut cung ah a um i acozah nih cu nawlngeihnak (Aanaa) cu Mipi sinin a lak. Hibantuk ruang ah hin kum 4, kum 5 voikhat in zaukphung in aa hruaimi hna ram ah cun i thimnak a um hi a si. Cu thimnak ah cun Mipi nih an duhmi kha zalongte in thim khawhnak nawl an ngei i, an duh lomi hruaitu kha zalongte in thlaknak nawl an ngei. Cu thimnak cu a thianghlimmi thimnak a si. 
 
A hrampi le biapi a simi Covo: Zaukphung uknak phung in ihruainak ahhin a hrampi le biapi a simi covo kha mipi nih an ngeih. Cu bantuk covo a umlonak ahcun pumpak tthanchonak caah thil har tuk a si. Vawlei cung ram tampi ah cun an phunghrampi nih hi bantuk a biapi a simi covo (Fundamental rights) kha a pek. Tahchunnak ah, USA, Japan, India, France le Italy hna ah cun an phunghrampi nih tthate in hi bantuk covo hi a kilven.
Zalongmi Biaceihnak (Independence of Judiciary): A tthawngmi le zalongte in biaceihnak nawl a ngei khomi biaceih zung (Judicial) le cu nih cun Mipi hna covo (fundamental rights) kilven khawh kha a rian a si. India ram ah cun Supreme Court le High Court nih an ram pumpi phunghrampi (constitution) le Mipi covo (fundamental rights) kha a kilven.
 
Mipi bawmtu cozah (Welfare State): Zaukphung uknak cu Mipi hna i an herhmi caah cozah nih a herhmi bawmhnak pek kha a si. Cu bantuk bawmhchanhnak ah cun a hohmanh zoh hlei le pek hlei um lote in a ukmi cozah a si. Thleidannak a um lomi uknak phung a si. Welfare state hi kum zabu hleikua (19th century) hrawng ah aa thok mi a si cang nain 2008 kum vawilei cung i chawhleh-chawhrawlnak lei a tlak hnu in biatakte in a tthangchomi a si.

Zaukphung Hlawhtlinnak Le Tlinlonak
 
Mifimlo le cathiamlo tamnak ah Zaukphung ihruainak hi tlam a tling tawn lo. Zeicatiah, Mipi nih ramrian ah ifiannak a tlawm caah a si. Curuang ah mipi nih ramrian kong i fian hi zaukphung hlawhtlinnak ah a biapi tuk mi a si. Cun, Mipi hna nih ram caah i pekchannak, zangfahnak lungthin, mah le mah lawng ruahlonak, dinfelnak ngeih (discipline), phukhat le phukhat ikawmh thiamnak, pawl hi mipi nih an ngeih khawh a hau. A sikhawh chung in fimthiamnak hi manlo in cawnkhawhnak tuah a hau i mirum le sifak thleidannak um lo tein a hopaoh nih cawn khawh ding hi zaukphung hlawhtlin khawhnak ding ah a biapi mi thil an si.
Zaukphung hlawhtlin khawhnak ding ahcun Mipi hna nih zeibantuk covo (Rights) le tuanvo le tuahding (Duties) kan ngeih tihi i hngalh a hau. Cun, Mipi nih Ramrian kong ah zeidah harnak le tthatnak kan ton ti kha hngalh peng a hau fawn. Cubantuk hngalhnak le theihnak cu cawnnak le ttha tein kherhlainak lawng in a ra kho. Cucaah Mipi hna pumpak fimthiamnak hi zaukphung hlawntlinnak ah a biapi tuk mi pakhat a si.
Cun, zalongte in chimrel khawhnak le duhnak langhter khawhnak (freedom of speech and expression), zalongte in duhmi rianttuan khawhnak (freedom of profession), zalongte in biak khawinak (freedom of religion), zalongte in bu dirh khawhnak (freedom to form association) nawl hna hi zaukphung i a nunnak hrampi an si. Zaukphung acozah nih zalongte in catialnak le chimrel khawhnak hi a khenkham lo. Cucaah, zaukphung cu ruahnak le pawmning tampi langhternak le i elnak kha zalawnnak a pek.
 
Ramkulh cozah duhnak le herhnak kha tlinter ding in lungthlinnak a ngeimi a si. Asinain, a cheu ramrian biapi mi hna cu rampi cozah nawlngeihnak le hruainak tang ah chiah an si. Cucu, Ram pumpi runvennak (Defense), Ram dang he pehtlaihnak (International Treaties), Ram ngunkhuai (Federal Budget), thil le ca chuahlutnak (Postal Service) hna hi an si.
 
Zaukphung cu zulh dingmi ram phunghrampi kha tialmi phungphai in (Written Constitution) fehter a si. A cheukhat zaukphung in aa hruaimi ram hna zong ah tialmi phunghrampi a ngei lo mi an um. Tahchunnak ah United Kingdom (England) hi tialmi phungphai a ngei lo. Asinain, vawlei cung ram tampi cu; Rampi (Union) Cozah le Ramkulh (State) cozah karlak ah a dangdang in nawlngeihnak an ngei veve ning le ram pumpi huap in tuanvo an ngeihnak kha phunghrampi (constitution) nih ttial in a tthen piak hna.
Hi bantuk zulh in a hruaimi zaukphung acozah cu hlawhtlinnak an hmu. Asinain, a zul kho lomi zaukphung cozah cu an rawk zau.

Biadonghnak
A donghnak ah a tawinak in vun char tthan ning law, Zaukphung uknak hi a tlangpi in cun aa khat ko nain, ram pakhat le pakhat hmanmi phung hi an i dannak tete a um. Zaukphung ah cun ram rorelnak le nawlngeihnak kha Mipi kut cung ah, Direct in asiloah Mipi aiawh thimmi palai hna nih an ngeih. Zaukphung uknak nihcun Mipi zalawnnak kha a runven i a dirpi. Zaukphung cu mitam deuh duhning in ram uknak phunglam i hruai ning kalpi a si. Cun, pumpak le a tlawm u duhnak zong kha a upat tthiamtthiam i an covo kha a kilven. Zaukphung uknak nih Centre cozah nawlngeih tuknak kha a doh, a hrial i pengtlang (state) nawlngeihnak kha thazaang a pek. Mipi duhning in kalpi khawhnak caah khuatlang cozah kha thazaang a pek fawn. Zaukphung uknak i a rian biapi bik hna cu; nuhrin covo hrampi a si mi zalongte in chimrel khawhnak, zalongte in biak khawhnak, phunghram tang ah thleidannak umlo in ram mipi kilvennak le ramkhel rian, zatlang hawikawmhnak le chawlehthalnak ah zalongte in tel khawhnak lam a pek. Zaukphung uknak nih zalongte in le a dikmi i thimnak kha Mipi caah a tuah. Uknak phung nih hramhram in uktu nawlngeihnak le remkhel bu pakhat lawng nih ram kong ah nawlngeihnak kha a doh. Mipi duhmi le mipi thimmi cozah a dirkamh.
 
Zaukphung acozah nih ram uknak phunghrampi ningte in ram le mipi hruai kha a dirpi. Ram mipi karlak ah pakhat le pakhat thleidannak umlo in ram phung nih ram mipi diklak kha runvennak a pek hna. Mipi hna covo kha phungphai (laws) in a runven. Ram pakhat i zatlang nun phung le um tuning kha a langhter. Zaukphung nih mipi nunning kha a kalpi. Minung pakhat le pakhat i thleidannak kha a upat i hramhram phunkhat duhnak le ruahnak lawng in ram a kalpi lo. Zaukphung uknak cu ram mipi nih covo an ngeih lawng siloin, ram uknak le ram kong ah i tel khawhnak ttuanvo zong an ngeih chih. Cu nihcun mipi covo le zalawnnak kha a runven. Zaukphung uknak in a hruaimi mibu nih lungsaunak le intuar khawhnak, ttuanttinak, itheihthiamnak man hna a upat i a dirpi. Zapi lung funtom khawhnak caah khat le khat i nawlpatnak le theithiamnak laak kha a kalpi ning a si fawn. Cucu a zungzal in a si khawh lo hmanh ah a zaukphung nih a dirpi peng mi le a kal pi peng mi a si. A donghnak ah India ram luatnak pa a si mi Mahatma Gandhi bia vun char ning law, “intuar khawh lo hi, hraanak (violence) a langh ning phunkhat a si”. Cucu zaukphung (Democracy) thlarau tthanchonak caah dawnkhantu thil pakhat a si tiah a ti.