2015 Election Cuanhnak: Chin Political Party, National Party le PR System

 Salai Van Lian Thang

Chin National Party le Chin Progressive Party an i fonh cang timi thawng nih khuaza a hun denning a rang ngaingai. Thli in thawngzamhtu RFA nih cun vawlei tla manh loin thli in khuaza a culpi colh. Chunglei in a ken telmi thil zeimaw nih Chin miphun lungrualnak caah damnak sii a hun phorh chih lai timi zumhnak ka ngei. Chin politics ah roling tuanbia dawh an kan tialpiak tiah ka ruah caah an thawng nih a ka lawmhter ngai ko.   

I tthumh nun nih remnak a ser tawn:

Dotu phunphun kar ah Aung San-Attlee minthut in Frontier area kongkau tha tein a cuan khawh cu Aung San nih lungput kaupi in Tlangmi tuanbia a recognize ngam caah a si. Ramkomh ah hramhram fonh loin Panglong ah Tlangmi ruahnak tha tein hal hmasa i tthumh zong pawi a ti lo. UB ah Tlangmi nih lungrual tein kan i komh kho cu 'secession right' a um ruang a si ko. Bamar nationalists hna dohnak fakfak kar ah 1947 Constitution Chapter 10 ah 'Secession right' a cuan kho cu Tlangmi halmi cohlan dingah Aung San nih i tthumh nun lungput kau a ngeih caah a si ko.  

Cucaah Union of Burma tiah ramkomh pakhat nganpi tuchun a hun i hrin khawh nak cu Tlangmi hruaitu upa hna le Pu Aung San nih lungput kaupi le an dirhmun ah a herh cun tangdor in an i thumh khawh cio caah a si ti kha kan hmuh. Lungput kau le i tthumh nun a um tikah i komhnak le i funnak a har bal lo. CPP le CNP Party pahnih kha pakhat ah an i komh kho cu hruaitu upa hna lungput kau an ngeih caah a si. Lungrualnak lungphun kan phun khawh cu i thumh a herhnak ah hruaitu upa hna tangah an i dor khawh caah a si. Cu lungput cu zohchunh a tlak hringhran tiah ka ruah i upatnak kan pek hna.  

Chinram Cozah: National Party Vs Regional Party?

Political Party an si bang Cozah ser cu i timh cio dih dawh an si. Cucaah a kalcia mi Election umtuning zohin a ra laimi hruaitu thimnak ah Chinram political party pawl dirhmun ka hmuhning hun cuanh ta ve ka duh ko. 

Chinram Parliament ah MP seat 24 a um. Military appointee 6 an um caah Party pawl seat cuh awk 18 a um. Hihi 2010 Election ah USDP nih 7, CPP nih 5, CNP nih 5, ENDP nih 1 seat nan hmuh. NUP, UDP le M/KNUP nih seat an hmu lo. NLD ai cuh lo.

CNP, CPP, ENDP an i fonh a si ahcun Chin Palimen ah MP seat 11 an hmuh. Military appointee 6 le USDP 7 an i fonh tikah seat 13 an hmuh. MP seat 2 tein an in tei hna i majority an si caah tuchun Chinram cu USDP le Tatmadaw nih Cozah an ser i an kan uk. USDP MP Hung Ngai kha Chinram Vuncichoh ah ser a si. Thil pakhat chinhchiah awk cu: Vunci cu MP tlin lo zongah tuan kho dih a si nain Vuncichoh le Tahmadah cu MP tlin hmasa hrimhrim a rak hau. 

Kawlram kum 60 a rak ukmi an si caah USDP kha tei har ah rak ruah dihmi a si. Cozah cu an mah ta bantuk ah ruahcia a rak si. Nain, 2010 election umtu ning kan zoh a si ahcun Chinram ah Party pawl rak tang thiam hna seh law USDP le Military nih Cozah an ser kho hrimhrim hnga lo. Thimfung tlak ningnih fiang tein a langhter.

Tiddim constituency 1 in USDP candidate nih vote 6124 a hmuh i MP a tling. CNP candidate nih vote 5717 le CPP 751 an hmuh i an i fonh ahcun vote 6468 an hmuh hnga caah USDP candidate kha an rak tei tuk ko hnga.

Kanpalet constituency 1 in USDP candidate thiam nih vote 1451 a hmuh i MP a tling. NUP le CNP rak i komh hna seh law 1875 an hmuh lai i fawi tein USDP kha an rak tei ko hnga. CNP, NUP, CPP in alliance rak tang le bang hna seh law mee 2474 an hmuh hnga i USDP candidate cu an rak thah deng hnga. 

Mindate constituency 1 in USDP candidate thiam nih 3251 a hmuh i MP a tling rih. CNP le NUP rak i fonh ahcun 3277 an ngah lai i USDP candidate cu rak tei khawh tuk a rak si. Party pathum an i komh le bang ahcun mee 4965 an hmuh hnga i USDP cu fak ngaingai in an rak tei hnga.

Hi tin rak tanti hi a har ngai  kan ti ko hna lai. Nain, 2010 lio election ahcun USDP party kha ho Party poah i  kan ral nganbik a rak si dih. NUP i a ral nganpi zong a rak si. Cucaah rak tanti khawh lo ding khi a rak um lo.

Cu tin an rak tanti thiam ahcun: MP 24 chungah USDP seat 4 long an hmuh hnga i Military MP he an i fonh cun MP 10 long an ngei hnga. Party dang pawl nih MP 14 an ngei hna i Chinram Cozah fawi tukin an rak ser khawh. Chinhchiah tha a simi cu: CNP le CPP long fonhin cun Cozah kan ser kho hlei hnga lo timi hi a si. Party dang vialte he komh lo cun regional party long cun kan har thiamthiam. Kan ral nganbik cu: National Party USDP a si. 

1990 election zoh rih uh sih. 1990 ah khan Chinram ah MP seat 13 a rak um. Candidate 55 nih an i cuh. Party 7 nih an i cuh. NLD nih 4, CNLD 3, ZNC 2, MPP in 1, Independent in 2, NUP in 1, MP an rak tling. Hi zawn hinhchiah tha a simi cu: Chinmi party pakhat cio in seat kan hmuhmi khi zoh ahcun ho party hmanh Cozah ser kho dingin a thawngmi an um lo. Kan ral nganbik cu: National Party NLD kha a rak si. Ziahtiah party pakhat cio seat hmuhmi kan zoh cun Chinram ah NLD seat zat a hmumi Chin party kan um lo. Vote a tlak zat in rel cun NUP hmanh kan rak tei lo. 

Nain, 1990 Election lio ahcun Chinram regional party pawl vialte le Independent MP hna cu UNLD alliance min in an rak tang thiam tikah komh in MP seat 8 an rak hmuh i national party nih Chinram ah hmunhma hrimhrim an rak ngei kho lo. Cozah sernak rak pe hna seh law Chinram Cozah cu Chin Party komh nih an rak ser hnga. Nain, Chinram party pawl komh loin kan mah duhning cio in kan rak i tthenthek ve ahcun National Party kan rak tei hlei hnga lo. 

Hi umtuning zohin 2015 election kan cuanh a si ahcun:

1. April by-election result kan zoh tikah Politics ahcun zungzal hoikom le zungzal ral timi a um lo an ti bang Pi Suu Kyi hruaimi NLD hi Chinram ahcun Chin political party pawl kan ral nganbik ah a cang te men lai. 1990 ah NLD a thawng ngai i vote lei NUP a sang ngai. 2010 ah USDP nih a kan tei ngai. Cucaah Chinmi party pakhat te long in dir ahcun Chinram ah national party hi kan tei hna lai zum a um lo. 

2. Party pahnih komh in teh kan tei lai maw? CNP le CPP komh zongin kan tei lai zum a um lo. Zeicatiah 2010 election kha kan zoh ahcun CNP le CPP hmuhmi vote fonh zongin USDP MP Pu Kui Thang kha vote 12 in an sungh thiamthiam. USDP MP Pu Ning Ngai zong kha CNP le CPP fonhmi vote in 478 an sungh thiamthiam. Cucaah teinak lam um a ummi cu: ZCD, ENDP, UDP tbt hna he alliance pakhat in hlan UNLD bang regional Party vialte dirti khawh longah Cozah a sernak lam a ummi a si. Cu locun national party kan tei hna lai ti kha chim a har ngaingai mi a si.

Union Cozah ah Regional Party pawl dirhmun

Union Level politik kan zoh a si ahcun hi a tanglei pawl hi a cang khomi a si ve in a lang.

April thla by-election ah NLD nih seat 44 ah 43 bak a lak. I cuh dih seh law 44 ningin a lak lai. 1990 ah 492 ah 392 bak a rak lak hoi. NLD election a luh phot cun landslide victory a si peng. 2010 zong i cuh seh law USDP a tei ko lai. Hi  umtu zoh in NLD nih 2015 ahcun Cozah a ser khawh tuk kho men. Cozah a ser khawh long a si lo. Kan Pi Suu a nun chung cu NLD nih Elected Dictatorship tuan khawh peng dawh in a um fawn. 

Regional Party a simi Chin Party pawl hi Union level politik ah zeitin kan um ne lai? Tulio electoral system ning ahcun Brotherhood Forum dirh in Tlangmi party vialte kan tangti zongah siseh, Kawl Party he fonhin hoikom Party 10 dirhin kan tangti len zongah siseh Union level politik ahcun NLD kan tei kho lai zumh a har ngaingai ko. Kan si kho bik ah strong opposition chungah kan i tel khawh vemi long a si lai. 

Cucaah mee a hmu sangbik nih tei i a dang sungh dih timi tulio FPTP Electoral System kan hman chung cu: 1990 lio UNLD le NLD an tangti bang Chin party le Tlangmi hna nih Union Level ahcun NLD kan thlah lo hi kan caah thatbik dawh in a um. USDP le a dang Kawl Party kan komh hna nih san a kan tlaihpi lai zumh a um tuk lo tiah ka hmuh.  

Nain, Center Cozah ah NLD he tangti in State Cozah ah NLD he i doh than timi consensus-based politic phun cu Regional Party pawl nih kan khel thiam tak hnga maw timi ruah awk ngai a um ve. India ram ahcun democracy chung an  pil ning a thuh tuk cang tikah Center Cozah ah an i do nain State Cozah cu an serti than ko hna i cu umtu cu hlat deuh dawh cu kan lang rih. 

Regional Party le Opposition

Kawlram Parliament umtu hi Party pakhat le pakhat i doh phun kha a si khawh chungin hrial an i zuam rua ti awk phun khin a um. Opposition Party timi rim a tlau ngaingai.Thimnak a dih in teitu party nih Cozah ser loin Cozah sertu President cuh kho dingin ho party poh lam an awn rih. Thein Sein zong kha Pyituh Huttaw ah Saw Thein Aung (Phlon-Samaw Party) nih Vice President a cuh ko. Amyotha Hluttaw Sai Mauh Kham kha Dr. Aye Mawng (RNDP) Party nih Vice President a cuh ve. Vice President an tlin hnuah Pyidaungsu Hluttaw ah President an i cuh than. Chim duhmi cu: USDP nih thimnak an tei nain Cozah an ser colh lo. Party hocapoh ah Vice President cuhnak lam an on. Hi nih Paliamen ah opposition aw a tlau ter deuh ngai.

Cun President nih Cabinet a form ning, cun Hluttaw Committee an serning, Hluttaw chung debate an tuahto ning kan zoh tikah opposition rim tlau khawh chung tlau ding kha thi deng in an i zuam in a lang. Ruling Party nih opposition party hna kha vote an thlakpi ko hna. Rulung party USDP chung khat le khat hna kha an i do than. USDP Party chung veve an si nain executive branch le legislative branch hna kha an tangti hlei lo, an i do lengmang ko. Hlan AFPL Party Cozah chan ah Party pakhat le khat an i that deng bantuk strong opposition umter kha cu rim cikcek dawh in an lang caah hi tin tuah dawh an si. Cucaah Regional Party nih Union Palimen ah opposition thawng kan tuan lai ti hi khi zumh khawh a har ngaingai ko.

Regional Party le Vice President .

Tulio Kawlram hruaitu thinlung ah President  hi cu election teitu party chungin si seh law,Vice President pakhat hi cu Tlangmi chungin siseh, cun VP pakhat rih hi cu ralkap chungin ra te seh tihi constitution an suai lio hrimhrim in rak tinh dih dawh in a um. Shanpa Sai Mauk Kham hna VP an pek taktak ko i Tlangmi kan fahnak thlop a kan tinhmi sii phunkhat si dawh a si. 2008 Constition section 230 ah Vice President One Union Ministries le Union level organizations phu vialte Budget zohtu a si caah nawl a ngei tuk. Tint Aung Myint Oo ai dinh cun a tu Shan pa khi VP one ah a kai caah very powerful a si in a lang ngaingai ko. VP two an si zongah State Cozah budget zohtu an si caah nawl an ngei thiamthiam.

Chim duhmi cu Union level Cozah ah Tlangmi nih election kan tei kho lo zongah Vice President post pakhat hi cu chiahpiah cia dawh hrim in kan um. Tulio ah Shan pa nih a tuan cang i Chinmi nih hmailei ah kan tuan te lai lo tiah chim kho a si lo. U Nu Parliamentary chan zongah Shan mi Sao Shwe Thaike le Karen mi Mahn Win Maung ti bantuk kha President ah tuanter an rak si ve ko hna. Nain chinhchiah awk ngai a simi cu: Sai Mauk Kham nih VP a tlaih khonak cu USDP a si ruang a si bang Sao Shwe Thaike le Mahn Win Maung nih President an rak tlaih khonak cu AFPL Party an si ruang a si. National Party thawngmi ah an rak um caah a si. Cun an pathum hin Tlangmi an si nain Buddha biami an si dih. Cucaah Chin mi nih VP kan tuan te sual zongah NLD le USDP tbt national party a ummi Chinmi ca longah si kho te ding khi in a lang i cu hmanhahTheravada Buddhism si longah a lam a um in a lang. 

PR System le Regional Party

Tulio Electoral System hi 2015 ahcun an thlen lai timi bia a thang hringhran lio a si. International Crisis Group nih cun electoral system hi an thlen locun 2015 ahcun Tlangmi party pawl cu sir ah an hnawn dih kho mi hna a si i, tulio a kal cuahmah mi kahdaihnak tiang a rawhter dih khomi a si tiah warning a kan pek cang. ICG nih an dirpi mi cu Tlangmi regional party ca ahcun: Proportional electoral system (PR) hi an damnak sii a si lai, a ti (RFA radio: 2012-07-27). Stanford University political science scholar Larry Diamond zong nih '2015 ahcun NLD nih a zapi in a ruh dih khomi a si caah PR system hi Kawlram ca cun a fairer system a si deuh lai' tiah a chim ve. 

Union Election Chairman zong nih  Kawlram hoikawm Party 10 a sawm hna i tulio electoral system hi  PR system ah thlen dingin a ceihpi hna tiah thawng theih a si. EC Chairman nih' PR system ah thlen dingin Palimen ah kan chuahpi lai' tiah a chim, tiah U Thu Wai nih RFA ah a rak chim. Cu bia cu a chungin rang ngaingai in kal cuahmah lio dawh in a lang i tlawmpal ahcun thang deuhin a aw zong a hung ring te men lai. Cucaah PR in an kan thlenpi ahcun Regional Party pawl nih zeidah kan lawhpi tak tak hnga ti khi ruah len awk a um ko. 

Thil a fiangmi cu: PR system kan hman ahcun multi- party system a nunter lai i zeitikhmanh elected dictatorship government a chuahter lai lo. Elected Dictatorship a tuan khomi NLD party ca cun huat a tlai tuk hringhran ko lai. Nain, Chin party a simi Tlangcung party pawl caah cun elected dictatorship a chuah lo cu kan damnak sii thabik a si ve ko hnga. Hi national level politik ahcun PR cu kan caah a tha bak kho men. 

Mahbelte ruah awk a ummi cu: PR kan hman cun State Parliament (Chin Hluttaw) ah National Party (USDP, NLD, NUP etc) nih seat tam deuhpi an hun ngei kho ve ngai hoi. Cucu kan caah thinphan ngai a si than. Cucaah PR cu regional level politik ca cun a tha bak lo kho men hoi.

Cun 1990 thimnak kan zoh tikah SNLD kha vote cun 1.5 % long a hmu nain MP cu 23 a hmu i a tam tuk. NUP kha MP 10 te long a hmu nain vote cun ram pumpi ah 21.9 % bak a hmu i a sang hringhran. Constituency kipah NUP kha an sung dih nain vote leicun NLD dawttu an si dih.

Nain FPTP system kan hman i PR system kan rak hman lo caah MP tam leiin NLD dawttu 2nd winner phu cu Tlangmi komh UNLD tu a rak si i NUP cu zoh dawh lo tukin a rak sung. Hi lio mee a tlak tamning hi kan zohcun: PR hi rak hmang sih law NUP nih Tlangmi cu a rak kan thah deng ko hnga i NUP kha NLD dawttu MP tambik ngeitu a rak si hnga. Cucaah PR system cu national level politik ah Tlangmi pawl 2nd position dirhmun sinak a kan khamtu a si kho ngai hoi. 

2010 election kan zoh rih ahcun Pyituh Hluttaw ah NUP nih vote lei cun rampumpi vote tla 19.44% bak a hmu nain MP 12 te long a ngei. SNDP party kha vote lei cun ram pumpi ah tlawmte 2.44% long a hmu nain MP cu 18 bak an tling hoi i NUP a thah deng.  Cucaah PR system kan hman ahcun  USDP, NUP tbt national party tha kan pek ah khin a cang hnga. Cucaah PR system kan hmun cun national level politik ah USDP, NUP tbt national party caah a tha kho ngaimi a si.

Thil pakhat a ummi belte cu: PR system kan hman ahcun landslide victory Party an um ti lai lo i MP kan i thlau tuk ti hna lai lo. NLD nih a zapi in a rut dih ti lai lo. Cu tikah national party a simi USDP, NUP tbt an hun thawng tuk ve hnga i India rambantuk Party tampi komh in Cozah ser timi: Coalition Government phun chuah a fawi kho ngaingai. NLD le USDP tbt kha Cozah serpi tu kawl in thi deng in an vak hnga i an mah le an mah an i do peng hnga. Hi bantuk a chuah ahcun Tlangmi minority party pawl kha Cozah tuanpitu (King Maker) ah kan cang kho ngaimi a si. Hi bantuk consensus-based politik kan luh cun PR system cu kan caah a tha tukmi a si ko hnga.

Cucaah PR system hi Chin miphun kan caah a chiatnak zong a um kho i a thatnak zong a um kho ve thiamthiam in a lang ngaingai. Tutiang cu a thatnak lei in a cuai cu a tlai deuh ving mi cu a lo ngaingai tiah ka hmuh.

Cucaah Chin Political Party hna nih Cozah kan ser lai kan ti ahcun Union Level le State level ah Political party pawl komh zia kan thiam a biapi ngai ko hnga i  2015 caah Electoral system zong fimkhur tein kan i thim thiam a biapi ngaingai lai.