2008 Phunghram le Tlangmi Damnak

Salai Van Lian Thang

U Swe Mann le Federal Phung:

Huham a ngei ngaimi Hluttaw Speaker Thurah Swe Man nih '2008 Phunghram remh hau loin Federal ramkomh sernak ding upadi a hran hun suai uh' tiah a fial hna, timi thawng nih tulio tadinca cahmai a khuh ngai. Ramlu ramtaw a hrawn cuahmah i Federal cu kan thihnak le nunnak tlukin kan ruah caah Tlangcung miphun hnakhaw ah a hung ring khun. Ne Win, Saw Mawng, Than Swe chan chungah kakhatte cip hmanh tih a nungmi biafang kha rampa pakhat nih a hun kan pahpi phot tikah a thlihran a hun i dang ngaingai. 

Tlangcung hriamtlai phu 10 leng he kahdaihnak an ser. Union level biakchonhnak a phanmi an tam pah cang i zeiset khi kan hei lawhte hnga tiah lung awtawm in kan um. Tlangmi nan zawtnak cu 'hriamnam lampi' siloin 'ramkhel lampi' in kan thlop lai tiah bia cu an i tiam. Daihnak kalpining lamthluan 8 an ser. Tlangmi nih 6 an dirpi ve. Tlangmi nih Parliament lengin biadongh relcat an duh. Phunghram cu remh lo kho lo ah an ruah. Cozah nih biadongh cu Parliament chungin dih seh,  Phunghram remh kong cu Parliament nawl siseh, an ti ve. Zeibantuk sii phun in dah Parliament chungin Tlangmi zawtnak thlop cu an kan timh tak hnga timi ruah awk ngai a um  lioah Thurah Swe Mann nih 'Phunghram remh hau loin Federal phung bantuk upadii a hran hun suai uh' tiah MP pawl nawl a hun pekmi hna thawng kan hun theih cu biapi ngai a si tiah ka hmuh. 

Thein Sein le Tlangmi Covo:

July thla ah Union Peace-making Central Committee meeting a voikhatnak cem an thu i, ram lubik pawl an tling. Speaker Shwe Mann le ralbawi Myin Aung Hlaing zong an thu. Hi meeting ah Chairman tlaitu Thein Sein nih bia zeimaw a tenhta mi a rak um. Phungram Section 348 Chapter (8) ah phun, chuahnak, biaknak, dirhmun, nunphung, nupa sinak, le mirum sifak karah thleidannak um lai lo. Cun Section 347 ah 'a hopoah upadii hmaiah i ruannak equal rights an ngeih lai i, i ruang tein phung nih himnak a pek lai. Cun Section 365 ah 'rammi  hopoah caholh, nunphung hna zalawng tein thanchoternak covo an ngei lai' tiah tial a si cang. Cucaah Tlangcung miphun hna an duhmi tlinternak caah siseh, rampi fehfuannak a chuahpi i Tlangmi he i kahdohnak a donghnak hnga Tlangmi caah nunnak thahripi lifeblood tlukin a biapimi i ruannak equal rights le a dang Tlangmi covo hna cu Parliament nih upadii in nan ser ahcun remdaihnak committee kan rian hi zokzok in kan lim colh ko lai tiah ka ruah, tiah a rak chim. (The New Light of Myanmar: 4 July 2012, Pp-8). 

U Thein Sein bia hi zeitin an kalpi tak te lai tiah ngiat peng an si. Zarh a rau lo. USDP Party in Bill Committee Chairman U Khun Myat Ti nih 'Tlangmi covo humhimnak upadii' ser dingin Paliament ah biasu a hun luhpi colh. Bia a lum hringhran. Tamlak an dir. Pi Suu Kyi tiang aw khi sang nawnin a voikhatnak bik Parliament ah biachim a thok phah ve. Lungrual tein biasu cu a tlang i an fehter. SNDP in Bill Committee member Daw Nan Wa Nuh nih 'ramkulh Cozah an nawlngeihnak covo' biasu zong a chuahpi rih. Tu le tu nawn Parliament ah Tlangmi kongkau bia a lut cang. Cozah hnakhaw ah biafang thurhnom ah ruahmi Federal hna an khel len. Nain, a tak ramah zeitiangdah an kan phanhpi theih a rak har ngaingai tawn. Thlahnih hnuah U Swe Mann nih  'Phunghram remh hau loin Phunghram schedule two i ramkulh pawl upadii sernak nawl State Legislative Lists kha a hrampi chiahin Federal upadii a hran hun suai uh' tiah nawl a hun pek, kan hun theih hi a si. Bill Committee nih an suai lai i Parliament chungah fehter timh dawh in an lang. 

2008 Phungram le Federal

Ruah awk a ummi cu: 2008 phunghram remh loin Federal kan hmu kho taktak lai maw, timi hi a si. Tlangmi hruaitu EBO lutlai Harn Yawnghwe nih 'zeitindah Tlangmi, Kawlmi le Tatmadaw karah remdaihnak taktak kan kawl khawh lai? Hmailei kalnak lam um chun cu: 2008 phunghram chung i ramkulh upadii serphu le ramkulh cozah tuahnak nawl an pekmi chungin lam a um. Tuahnak nawl cu a tlawmtuk, nain hi Phunghram long hi luatnak kan hmuh hnuin Tlangmi zawtnak thlop a hram a hun thoktu phunghram a si. Hi tuahnak nawl an kan pek cangmi lengah Thein Sein decentralization policy bang nawlngeihnak kan kauhchap expand kho rih ko lai' tiah a chim.  (Irrawaddy Interview: Friday, 11 November 2011). Hihi a tawinak cun: 2008 Phunghram chungah Federal a um len ko i kan kauh chap ahcun kan zawtnak zeimaw tiang cu a kan thlop kho ko lai, a tinak a si rua, tiah ka hmuh. Hihi Thein Sein bia le Swe Mann bia bang 'Tlangmi covo upadii serchap' an hun timi he a a luanning a kalti ngaingai. Biahalnak a ummi cu:  2008 phunghram nih zeitiangdah kan zawtnak a kan thlop cang i zeipawldah kauhchap ding cu an bau len rih timi hi a si. 

Tlangmi hruaitu Dr. Lian Sakhong nih 2008 Phunghram chungah Federal ruangam tete zeimaw an um i Tlangmi nih kan rak hal pengmi a hun i telmi cu: mipi nawlngeihnak, Union Paliamen innhnih an sermi, Amyotha Hluttaw ah i ruangtein kuzale kan thlahmi, ramkulh Cozah, ramkulh Paliman le High Court an sermi le Mul-ti party democracy phung an hun sermi an si. Nain, 2008 phunghram nih kan zawtnak a hun thlop rih lomi hna cu: self-determination hmannak caah state constitution tialnak nawl a um rih lo. Ralkap nih 25% Palimen thutnak an lak rih i, zauk phung, nuhrin covo le nu le pa i ruannak gender equality a um rih lo. Tlangcung miphun equal rights le self-determination taktak kan ngei rih lo' Tlangmi kan halmi a bau len rihmi kha a langhter. (BSES, analysis paper no 5, Oct 12, Pp-15). Ruah awk cu: hi a bau len rihmi hi Phunghram remh lem loin Thein Sein le Shwe Mann biabang Paliamen chungah upadii serin kan duhmi kan hmu kho dih lai maw, timi ruah awk a han um than.   

  

2008 Phunghram Remh?

 NLD nih Phunghram remh hrimhrim lo cun zauk phung a tling kho lai lo tiah a hramthok tein an rak aupi peng cang. Mipi thim lomi ralkap 25% Palimen an thut cu democracy phung he aa kalh, tiah an ti. Caanrem an bawh i 2008 Phunghram cu remh hrimhrim an i tim. U Shwe Man bia hi CNP Chairman Pu Zozam nih a hun leh '2008 phunghram hrim cu pei tuahnak nawl a um lo caah remh kan timh leh cu. Hi phunghram cungah hrambumh in upadii kan ser chap lai timi hi cu zeihmanh a chuak hlei lai lo' tiah a ti. Arakhan hruaitu Aye Thar Aung nih ' 2008 Phunghram chung i state legislative lists cungah hrambunh in tialmi upadii nih a zei Federal khi a chuahpi lai lo. Ramkulh Vuancichoh President nih a thimchom mi te hna tampi remh ding a um' tiah a chim. Hriamtlai phu UNFC zong nih 2008 phunghram remh hrimhrim a hau, ti cu an dirpi pengmi a si. Cucaah Tlangmi kan zawtnak hi 2008 Phunghram remh locun a dampiang kho lai lo ti hi a fiang. Biahalnak a ummi cu: 2008 Phunghram remhnak lam a um kho maw?

Upadi lei mithiam Dr. Ngun Cung Lian nih cun 'kum 14 hmanh ah kan remh dih kho lai lo. 2008 Constitution a hram thawkin a dongh tiang a rel lo mi hi Kawlram chung um kum 18 cung minung 100 ah 30 hmanh kan um hnga maw ti mi hi ka ruah leng mang. A ruang cu, Constitution cauk an chuahmi a tlawm tuk pinah, Constitution zeitluk a pawi mawh ti mi a fiang lo mi kan tam ngai. Ni khat ah remh zong kan duh cio ko lai. Asinain, kan remh kho lo cu ta. Kanpinu Daw Suu hmanh pei, 2010 Election i tel a tha ko kan ti le, a duh lo i, a tu ah 48 hmun i cuh aa timh cu. Hmun 500 hrong i cuh khawhnak ah i cuh lo in, hmun 48 i cuh cu, ka khua ruah a har ngai ve. Asinain, a lung a fim kan ti lai cu. Daw Suh hmanh a lung a fiang lo ahcun, kan mah bantuk zaraan (ordinary) pawl lung i fianh ding cu a har ko' tiah Phunghram remh a harnak kong a tial. 

Tulio Cozah lutlaitu thinlung ah zeitindah a um ve hnga? Thurah Shwe Man aw-an hi zoh ahcun Phunghram remh leiah a lung a um rih lo ti kha a langhter chihmi a lo ngai. BBC hard-talk ah Thein Sein nih 'Phunghram remh kong cu Parliament nawl a si, kei nih ka remh kho lo' tiah a rak leh ve cang. Phungram cu Hluttaw MP 75% lengah a tlawmbik Tatmadaw MP pakhat tal nih lungtlinpi lo cun remh kho a si lo lengah biapi deuh cu referendum tuahin pompi a haumi a tam ngaingai. Cucaah MP zapi nih remh an duh hmanhah ralkap lungtlinpi locun a si kho lo tlukin a lang. USDP party tah an lungthin zeitin a um hnga?  USDP General Secretary (tucu Vice Chair 3) U Htay Oo nih 'hi phunghram cu kum tampi caan lakin ceihhmai cikcek hnuah tialmi a si. Can zeimaw hnuah aa tlak ti lomi a um cun kan remh ko lai. Nain, a tu cu remh ding a um in ka hmu rih lo' tiah remh a duh rih lonak kong a chim. (RFA: 2012-02-03). 

Tlangkawmnak:

 2008 Phunghram nih ramkulh pawl ngunkhuai kholh khonak phun 19 le upadii sernak nawl phun 44  a kan onh. Mizoram nih upadi sernak nawl phun 66 an ngei. Central Cozah he upadi serti nawl concurrent lists phun 47 an ngei. Tulio 2008 phunghram ahcun concurrent list zong a um lo lengah a tangmi residuary powers zong Union Cozah nih an lak dih. Nov 9 ah Kachin MP U Khet Hthein Naing nih Hluttaw ah' Ramkulh Cozah nih Tlangmi caholh le nunphung phu sernak nawl Central Cozah nih kan pe uh' tiah biasu a chuahpi i MP 8 nih bia an chim. Deputy Home Minister Bohmuchoh Kyaw Zan Myint nih a hun dir i a lehmi cu 'Tlangmi cu hmun dangdang ah nan i tthek i nan um dih caah ramkulh pakhat nih nan sermi phu kha ramkulh dang pakhat nih a hun pawm locun harnak a um kho lengah ramkulh chungah miphunfa le miphun ngan hna i theihsualnak a hrin khawh rih i  Tlangmi lungrualnak a rawh kho caah hi nawlngeihnak hi cu Central Cozah nih tuanvo kan lak rih a hau' tiah a leh hna (NLM: Nov 9: 2012, Pp 9). 

Tutiang ah Federal phung cu chim hau loin caholh le nungphung phu sernak nawl hmanh ramkulh Cozah kutah nawl pek har an ti hringhran. Thein Sein le Shwe Man bia ningin 2008 phunghram chungin nawlngeihnak an hun kauhchap ahcun zeitiang khi dah an hei va kauhchap duh hnga timi ruah awk ngai a um. Thil a fiangmi cu Mizoram hmanh kan phan naisai lai lo timi cu a fiang. Cucaah Tlangmi kan zawtnak hi Thein Sein le Shwe Mann nih thlop a kan timhmi sii phun nih hin cun a kan damter kho lai zumh a um lo. Zeidah lampi a um kho lai? 

USA um Center for Strategic and International Studies nih Sept ahkhan report pakhat an chuah i an tialmi cu 'Kawlram thlennak taktak caah tulio a biapicem mi cu 2015 hlanah opposition groups pawl nih ralkap he izumhnak le hoikomhnak ser khawh chung ser i zuam hi a si. Hihi a tu le 2015 hlan karah big opportunity an ngeihmi a si. Cu longah 2015 election ah teinak an hmuh ahcun Phunghram remhnak ralkap nih an pompi kho hna lai' tiah an tial. (CSIS Myanmar Trip Report, Sept 12, 2012- Pp 3). Hi ruangah Pi Suu Kyi nih Tlangmi ikahnak kongkau le Rohinya kongah bia ai summi zong si dawhin a lang ngai i, 88 generation group zongnih a chungin kalpi dawhin an lang ve. Cucaah Tlangmi zong nih CSIS report chimmi bia hi biapibik in kan kalpi a herhmi lam a si bik ko rua, tiah ka hmuhning a si.