Tulio Hriamtlai Phu le Kawlram Remdaihnak

Salai Van Lian Thang                               

 
Biadomhnak:Kawlram buainak hrampi cu Tlangmi kong hi a si. Phunghram baunak (constitutional crisis) ti zongin chim a si. Tuchun ah ral a tho lo miphun kan um lo. Hi ramchung ralpi daihternak caah ramkhel biaruahnak long lam umchun a si. Thein Sein Cozah a kai thla tlawmpal ah remdaihnak sawmnak cathanh (  offer) a chuah. Biasi phaina laklawh na in don lulh a si. Tulioah hriamtlai phu tampi he an i chon cuahmah. CNF zong kahngolnak min an thut i biaruahnak kalpi thluahmah an tim. Ruahchannak le lunghrinnak cawhpawlhmi chum zaam nih Kawlram a khuh. Tikeng chum maw a si hnga chummui zam men dah a si te lai? Hi capar in zohfiannak kan tial hnik lai.
 

I. Peace Talks le Kawlram:

i) Ne Win remnak: Ne Win nih 1962 uknak a lak in hriam hlaw poah luatnak (general amnesty) a thanh. Nain zeihmanh a chuak lo. June 1963 ah remnak ceihding sawmnak cathanh a chuah than (CIA report:1971). Hriamtlai zapi ngot Rangon kal in thla tamnawn an ceih. Ne Win biadanh mi 1. hriamtlai vialte hmun khiahmi ah um dih 2. hohmanh nawl um loin leng chuah lo 3. phaisa khon le buu rian vialte ngol dih timi biadanh (pre-condition) ruangah remnak tuah kho loin a rawk than. (Wikepedia:CPB). 1968 ah U Nu le ramkhel hruaitu vialte a sawm than hna i miphun lungrualnak caah ruahnak a hal hna. Zaukphung serthan ding le federal phung in ram dirh ding ruahnak an pek dih. Ne Win nih a duh ve lo ruangah remdaihnak a chuah kho thai ti lo. (Camilla Buzzi: 1988). 1970s in 'four cut stratgy' a ser i hriamtlai cu a den hna caah ramchung ral a tho chinchin.

ii) Khin Ngunt remnak: Khin Ngunt nih remnak ai zuam ve. 1994 in phu 17 le phute 23 he remnak an ser (Xinhua:18 August 2011). Hriamchiah loin umnak le sipuazi company phunphun le thanchonak rian an tuanter. Ramkhel hnatlaknak a um lo. Cozah ngai kan si lo hih, Phunghram a um hnu Cozah thar he ramkhel kong cu ceih te uh tiah a chim. KIO ti lo cu hmurka in i rem deuh a si, catlap in hnatlaknak minthut a um lo. Mipi theih in thanh zong a um lo. Politik cu National Convention (NC) ah tlakpi uh an ti than caah 2004 NC ah hriamtlai phu 25 an kai. Voi tampi an duhnak an chim nain an ngaihpiak hna lo. July 2004 ah phu 13 in NC ah an ruahnak ca an tial nain an an pompiak hna lo. Oct 2004 ah Khin Ngunt an phuah caah rialditnak a hun tam. Feb 2005 ah phu 6 in NC Chairman sin ca an tial rih nain an cohlanpiak duh thiam hna lo. KIO nih July 2007 ah biatlang 17 um an chuahpi rih nain an hnawlpiak hna. Hriamtlai phu an lungtlin loin May 2008 referendum ah Phunghram cu an fehter. I erhnak a hun linsa. Ruahlopi in April 2009 ah hriamtlai phu vialte ralkap uknak tangah ramri cawng (BFG) ah i thleng uh tiah awder an hun chuah. Hriamtlai phu tampi nih an duh ve lo caah Khin Ngunt remnak hri cu Sept 2009 ah a cat than i raltuknak an thok than. (TNI, Amsterdam, July 2009)

II. Thein Sein Peace Formula

i) Cathanh Sawmnak: Biatlang pathum in Thein Sein nih sawmnak a thanh 1. Cozah nih doh-azi pathum i tlaih in hriamtlai phu he remdaihnak ser in thanchonak tuan kan duh 2. remdaihnak a duh nih ramkulh Cozah he pehtlaihnak ngeih hmasa ding 3. Cun Union Cozah he remdaihnak kan ceih lai. Hi ca hin Cozah nih hriamtlai phu vialte kan in sawm hna, tiah an thanh. Cozah Secretary Tin Myo Kyi nih min a thut. (Myanmah Alin: 19 

August 2011-p-1) 

ii) Cozah Fianternak: Vuanci Aung Min nih a umzia a fianter. 1. kahngolnak ser 2. pehtlaihnak zung on 3. umnak hmun cio kal ah meithal i tlaih lo 4. Union remdaih phu he ton caan a ni a hmun khiah, a si lai tiah a fianh. Kahngolnak ser hnuah thanchonak riantuan. Cun Pinlung bantuk Civui (peace conference) Naypyidaw ah kawh. Pi Suu zong Civui a um ve lai. Panglong Civui nakin a tha deuh lai, tiah a chim. (Shan Herald: 20 Nove 2011).

iii) Cozah Tadinca Tialnak: State level, Union level, Hluttaw level tiah dotthum in ceih. State level ah kahngolnak le hmailei kalnak prokrem hnatlaknak tuah. Union level ah ramkhel biaruahnak (polital talks) tuah. Phu khat cio he hnatlaknak ser hnuah hriamtlai dihlak sawm in zapifonh hnatlaknak (common agreement) ceih. Phunghram a herhcun remh. Tlamtlingmi zungzal remdaihnak donghnak sachoh cu Pyidawngsu Hluttaw ah (official) in min kan thut lai, tiah a tial. (Myanmah Alin: 3 Jan 2012-p-9). Mirang ahcun hriamtlai zapi sawm in Hluttaw ah zapi hnatlaknak (common ground) kan kawl lai. Phunghram a herhcun kan remh lai. Donghnak hnatlaknak (complete agreement) Hluttaw ah min kan thut lai tiah a tial. (New Light of Myanmar: 3 Jan 2012-p-8).

iv) Time Frame: Kum 3 in kum 4 kar a rau kho. Kan Cozah term chungah Tlangmi he daihnak ser hrim cu kan i tim, tiah Union remdaih phu upa Aung Thawng nih Press Conference ah a chim. (The Associated Press: Dec 16, 2011).

III. Hriamtlai Phu Dirhmun:

i) State level talk: CNF le SSA cu State level talk an lim. CNF nih biatlang 9 min a thut. UNFC ah min thu hmasa a si. Union palai he tonnak caah State Cozah he a rauh hlan an i chon than lai. SSA nih biatlang 8 min a thut ve. UNFC mi an si lo. Union level he tuthla an i chon ve lai. 

ii) Union level talk: Wah (UWSA) le Mongla (NDDK) cu Union palai he voihnih an i chon cang. UNFC mi an si lo. Biatlang 6 min an thut. Wah nih an duhmi cu Wah State ser a si. Phunghram remh locun a fawi lo. Kalo Htoo Baw (DKBA) zong State level an lim hnuah Union palai he voikhatnak an i chon ve cang. Biatlang 4 min an thut ve. I chonh peh rih ding bia an chiah

iii) KNU, KNPP, NMSP: KNU cu Jan 12 ah State Cozah he an i chon lai. KNPP (Kayah) le NMSP (Mon) zong January thla dih leiah State level talk an lut ve cang lai.(The Voice: 29 Dec 2011). Voi tampi an i chonh cikcek hmasa hnu State level luh an hnatlak caah min an thut ve lai zumh an um. UNFC phu an si.

iv) KIO dirhmun: State level ah voihnih. Union level he voikhat an i chon. Hnatlaknak an ngei kho lo. Kahnak a um peng. KIO nih kahngolnak ser hlan in politik ceih a duh. Cozah nih kahngolnak min thut hnuah politik ceih a duh ve. Special Union Peace team mi 11 in Thein Sein nih a dirh i KIO he chonh ding ca an kuat cang hna. KIO zong mi an i thim ve. Tlawmpal ah chonh dawh an si.

v) UNFC dirhmun: Phu 11 an um. UNFC full member chungah CNF nih min a thut. Phuli an i chon cuahmah. UNFC associate member ah PLNO long an chonh rih. KNO, PSLF, LDU, NUPA le WNO phu 5 hi a chon te hna lai maw timi a um. UNFC nih kahdaihnak cu phu khat cio in tuah kho a si i ramkhel biaruahnak cu zapi in kan kal lai timi phung a ngei. (Harn: DVB: 6 Dec 2011). Vuanci Aung Min nih PLNO lutlai Hkun Okker he tonnak ah UNFC bukomh he i chonh ding zong ready kan si cang tiah a chim. (Shan Herald: 26 Dec 2011).

IV. Kalpidan Hmuhning (analysis on process)

i) Sawmnak: 1963 Ne Win sawmnak le Thein Sein sawmnak long hi Cozah sawmnak (official offer) tak cu a si. 1989 Khin Ngunt tuahmi cu MI cabuai in a tlacop kalpi chom a si. Than Shwe cabuai a phanhah bia a thi than ton. Tutan hi kum 50 ah voihnih umchun a si caah phundang te cu a si.

ii) Kalpidan formula: Khin Ngunt chan formula cu kahngolnak, hriamthlah loin um, thanchonak tuan, ramkhel bia cu NC ah tlakpi, a si. Thein Sein formula cu: kahngolnak, hriamthlah loin um, Politik ceih, thanchonak tuan le Pinlung bantuk Civui kawh, a si. Tutan nih a rim a hmuiter deuhnak cu politik ceih colh kho a si mi le Pinlung Civui timi te hi a si.

iii) Biadanh: Ne Win nih meithal chiah hmasa a fial. Khin Ngunt nih politik chim rih lo a fial. Biadanh (precondition) ruangah a rawk ton. Tutan ah doh-azi pathum cu biadanh ah a um. State level ah hriamput buin umnak hmun veve kal lo timi hnatlak a hau. Union level ah ram in chuah lo (non-sessesion) timi hnatlak a hau. UWSA, NDKK le DKBA nih min an thut cang. SSA (Shan) nih Pinlung thlarau a len locun min kan thu lai lo an ti. Union level an phanh tikah zeidah an lawh cio te lai timi chim a har ngai.

iii) Hluttaw: Hluttaw pahnih palai telnak Tlangmi kongkau le ramchung remdaihnak phu Palimen ah an dirh hmasa. Cu nih President sawmnak kongah kalpidan (plan) an suaimi in tutan kalpi a si (sourse: CNF agreement). Cozah tinhnak long si loin mipi thimmi MPs hna tinhpiakmi lamcung in an kal nih a hmual a um ter deuh ngai.

iv) Thlaanglam: Khin Ngunt lio ah hnatlakmi puanzar um lo in thuh a si. Mipi nih theihpi a si lo. Theih duh cun heh hlat a hau. Tutan cu a tenek hnatlakmi tiang mipi sin thanh a si. Cozah tadinca zongin chuah a si. Bia zong lungduh in an chim kho in a lang. Thlanglam (transparency) in kalpi a si i mipi ah hram a bunh nih an bia a feh ter deuh ngai te lai.

v) Cozah palai: Aung Min maw lubik Aung Thawng dah timi fian a har ngai. Uknak lei phu palai le palimen lei phu palai in um dawh in a lang nain an phuhnih in an i cawh lengmang. Aung Min nih Mon sinah Tlangmi fahnak cu ka theih kei zong Shan ka si ve a ti caah neem dawh te cu a lo. Aung Thawng bel hi a fapa le Mawng Aye fanu an i um. Ralkap an nunnak caah an thluakpi (brain) ah rak ruahmi a si i lunghaak phu (hardliner) ah telhmi a si. Ramleng media nih 'untouchble minister' an rak ti balmi a si caah hi pa he cun bia zong a khirh duh te kho men.

vi) Phu Thumnak: Tonnak serchuaktu le tlangtlatu hmasa cu Harn Yawnghwe (EBO) a si. Kawlram hmasabik President fahniang Shan pa a si. PLNO tonnak ah Nyo Onh Myint (NLD-LA) nih a tlangtlak. CNF zongah Dr. Lal Uk te remhdaih phu an um. Kachin ah pastor an cawl ve. Mon le Karen ah phungki palai an kal. Cozah leiah Myanmar Engress an dir. Hi tiang cu a tha. Nain Union level chonhnak kan zoh cun tlangtlatu (mediator) an um ti lo. Politik ceih taktak tikah lungpi nih a kham sual hna i biahar (deadlock) a um cun zeitindah bia an khuai lai timi ruah awk a um. Cucaah a lai ah a dirmi tlangtlatu (third party) a bau deuh ve in a lang.

vii) Hnatlakmi: Ramkulh level cu kahngolnak biapi an chiah caah Union level hi politik ceihnak a si i a muru a si. Tutiang Union level a phanmi phuthum hna an hnatlakmi (agreement) rel ahcun thanchonak (developement) nih a khuh tuk deuh in a lang. Politik haw a nam rih lo ngaingai. Cozah lei duhning nih a nam deuh ngai mi a lo fawn. Nain chon rih ding an si caah beiseinak a tang ko. Wah le Mongla hnatlaknak ah humhimnak (defence forces) he pehtlaih in kan i ceih than lai timi a um. Hi bia nih lunghrinnak zeimaw a umter ngai fawn.

V. Hmailei kong Zohchungnak (analysis on substance):

i) Politik maw development: Thein Sein nih Bali ah thanchonak phunphun serpah in kan chonh hna lai i meithal an i tlaih duh ti lai lo tiah a chim. (Myanmar Time: 21 Nov 2011). Khin Ngunt chanah BUGA company, Rehmonya company tbt sipuazi phunphun an tuahter hna i thanchonak sivai in politik an duhnak ci thah an rak i zuam. Kachin upa nih KIA an palhbikcem cu kum 17 kahngol chung vialte hnulei tuanbia an philh dih i meithal an rak i dap ti lo hi a si a ti. Tutiang cu politik nakin Union level ah thanchonak an chimmi rim nih a runh deuhmi a lo. Harn Yawnghwe nih Myanmar Time sinah kahngolnak tuah i phaisa siamter (making money) nih hma a damter lai lo. Phaisa duh ah ral a tho mi an si lo hih tiah a chim (MMT: Vol. 31. No. 605). Hi pa hi Cozah a va chon hmasa a si caah Cozah thinlung zeimaw theih pah dawh a si. Remdaihnak ser cu an duh tak ko rua nain thanchonak in maw politik sii indah lung dam lakin rem an timh hna timi Cozah thinlung bel theih a har ko.

iii) Naypyidaw tlaihtung: Shan Herald thanhca nih 1. ram in chuah lo 2. doh a zi pathum hnatlak 3. sipuazi tuahti 4. ritsii dohti 5. party dirh in thimnak luh 6. 2008 Phunghram pawm i phung ningin a remh 7. hriamtlai pakhat long um, timi hi tlaihtung ah Naypyidaw nih an ser tiah a tial. (Shan Herald: 4 Jan 2012). Hihi Cozah leiin dirpimi a si takcun hriamtlai phu hi hrawh. Party dirhter in thimnak cuhter. Palimen ah phunghram (legally) in remh. Tatmadaw pakhat long hriamtlai um, hi tinhdawh a si. Tulio Phunghram nih hriamtlai pakhat long a um lai a ti fawn caah an remh locun tuan le tlai hrawh hau in an um thiam. Cucaah Wah he humhimnak (defence force) kong an ceih kha a si kho men. Hi Naypydaw tlaihtunhihriamtlai phu cheukhat caah pawm a har ngaingai kho men. Hriamtlai phu hrawh in thimnak luh ding ahcun zeitluk in Phunghram remh hmasa an duh timi ah tampi bia a um than lai.

iiv) Phunghram remhnak: Hriamtlai phu vialte sawm in Pinlung bantuk Civui an kawh a si ahcun UNFC min in bia an chim kho cang lai. UNFC nih Federal phung in a thar tial an duh kho men nain Thein Sein te caah a rak har tuk ve kho men. Cucaah hihi a si kho lo sual cun UNFC nih a tlawmbik 2008 Phunghram ah Basic Principles 6 le Detailed principles 104 hi remh an duh men lai. Biapi in ralkap nih ram hruainak i tel, ramkulh uknak nawl, rampi stucture kong hi remh duh dawhbik an si. Ramleng FCCDC nih a tialmi Phunghram zong dirpi a fawi kho men. FCCDC ah Basic Principle 8 a um ve. Hi ramkhel hnatlaknak (political agreements) hi Thein Sein phu he an tuah kho a si ahcun Palimen hnatlak a hau than hoi lai.

iii) Palimen pawmnak: The New Light of Myanmar nih Palimen ah zapi hnatlaknak (common ground) kan kawl lai tiah a tial caah Palimen ah zeizong bia an chah a si ahcun Hluttaw MP pawl nih zeitluk an pawmpi kho te hnga timi ruah ding a um. Tih a nungmi cu Khin Ngunt nih National Convention ah chim uh a ti ve nain an chim tak tikah NC nih a pawmpi kho lo caah a donghnak cun sa le ral an chuah thanmi hi a si. Thein Sein te nih a herh cun Phunghram kan remh lai timi bia an tiam cang caah Khin Ngunt chan bantuk cu kan kir ti lo kho men ve. Nain USPD chung zongah lunghaak phu tamtuk an um ve rih caah Dr. Sui Khar nih Chinland Guardian sin a chim bang mittku cu a thaw kho dih ve hlei rua lai lo. 

iv) Thein Sein power: 13 Dec 2011 Mizzima thanhca ah KNU Vice President nih tulio ka ruahmi cu President nih thlennak kalpinak nawl a ngei tak maw? Ralkap cungah nawl a ngei kho maw? Nawlngei lo President deu a si ahcun thlennak tak a kalpi kho lai lo. Nawlngeimi President a sit long he chonh kan duh, tiah a chim. 10 Dec ah Thein Sein nih KIA kahnak ngolding awder ralkap a pek nain cu hnuah voi 90 leng kahnak a um than thiamthiam. Ralkap nih President nawl an zul rua lo tinak a si. Cucaah Thein Sein nih zeitluk nawl a ngeih timi nih tampi bia a chim lai.   

Tlangkawmnak:

Politik ah zarhkhat cu a sau tuk. Mahbelte, Kawlram nihcun ni thongkhat zong thlennak caah a herh kho men. 2012 cu nitlakram ca longah kumthar a si lo. Tutan thlihran nih Kawlram Tlangmi ca hrimah ruahchannak thar a hun um bik kum a hung si.

Sihmanhsehlaw, tuchun thil cangmi hi thil thar a si lo. Panglung biatiam a thih lo caah a nung than mi a si. 1962 ah Federal phungin Phunghram remh kan timh. Ralkap nih hriamnam in a kham i uknak a lak. Bia a ci thah an timh peng nain thi kho loin tuchun a hung tho than thiamthiam mi a si. Thein Sein te nih tutan ah a thar in thawhpi than an hun i tim. Palimen ah donghnak kan chah lai ti a si. Thein Sein nawl a ngeih dih lo a si cun Ralkap he thiam kum 50 hnu i tongh than dawh a si.

National Convention ah hriamtlai phu nih an huatbik mi cu ralkap nih ram kan hruai lai timi phung hi a si. Tutan ah Palimen tiang Panglung thlarua a tho than lai. 1962 lio bia an phorhchuah dih than lai. Thein Sein te nih zeitin an ruah hnga? Tulio an lungput ningcun tlawmpal a tthumh ding cu an lo ngai. Ralkap nih tah zeitin an ruah ve hnga? Hauhruang tha ten kai kulhkhenh cangmi nan ka hrawhpiak i ka inn ah nan ka luh hnawh tiah chiandeih hngilh liomi tthangh sual bang a kan zuanhnawh kho men. A kan seh locun him ten kan chuak lai. A kan seh ahcun an kuttang kan lut than ko lai. Tuzarh AP thanhca ah Pi Suu Kyi bia ning tein ralkap nih an kan kham kho, donghnak ngaingai ahcun an mah nih zeitlukin an kan thohkhan timi ah bia a um.