AUNG SAN SUU KYI (1945- Nihin Tiang)

“Fahnak um lonak hi thinlung ca men ah kai tlaih lo. Asinain ramkhelnak le a taktak caah a si,”

Aung San Suu Kyi cu 19 June, 1945 ah a chuak. Amah cu Kawlram ralkap cozah dotu lei in National League for Democracy (NLD) ah chairman a si. 1990 Kawlram thimnak ah (NLD) party nih rampumpi vote 59% in teinak a hmuh i Parliament tthutden 485 ah 392, 81% a hmuh. Sihmanhsehlaw Kawlram nawlngeitu nih Suu Kyi cu innthong an thlak. 20 July 1989 in 13 November 2010 tiang kum 21 chung ah kum 15 tluk thongthlak a si. Amah cu vawleicung ramkhel lei rianttuannak ah minthang mi nu pakhat a si.

Nihin Khrihfami Hna Nih Pathian Kan Biakning

Salai Bawi Hlei Hu

Biahramdomhnak:

Nihin Khrihfami cu a ding i a felmi Pathian zumhtu le hnu zulhtu khrihfabu le miphun pakhat kan si. Nihin vawleicung ahhin fimthiamnak hi a sang i chan zong ai thleng cuahmah i khrihfami hna nih kan Pathian kan biakning zong hi chan nih a kalpi mi chung ahhin aa thleng ngai ve. Kan nunning, ruahning, hmuhning, le Pathian kan biakning zong hi 19^st, 20st  Century he tahchunh ahcun tampi a rak i thleng ve ngai. Abikin nihin Chin miphun  nih Pathian kan biakning le kan thangtthatning ahhin kan i thlennak tampi hmuh khawh a si.

Holh A Biapit Ning le Laica Ttial Ning

CA A HERHNAK:  A cheu nih miphun pakhat a kan humhaktu cu Khrihfa kan sinak a si an ti. A cheu nih kan holh le kan nunphung a si an ti. Hi thil pahnih in an biapi veve ko nain holh le ca hi a biapi deuhmi a si. Khrihfa kan sinak nih Laimi a kan humhak kan ti ahcun ruah awk tampi a um.

MIPHUN HUMHAKNAK AH BIAKNAK NAK IN ‘HOLH’ A BIAPI DEUH

Nikum ah Shweli ah kan kal. Biakinn saknak zong ah phaisa lei in kan i tel kho ve. Chinmi lawngte an si. Kan i pum hna. Caan zong an kan pek ve kan i lawm ngai. Kawl holh in caan kan hmang. Naypidaw zongah Chin Khrihfabu an um. Chinholh zapi nih theih a si lo caah Kawl holh hman a si tthiamtthiam. Khrihfa Biaknak cu Kawl holh hman in biak khawh a si ruang ah Khrihfa kan sinak nih Chinmi kan sinak a kan huap kho taktak lo ti chim ka duh. A ruang cu holh dang in Pathian kan biak khawh caah a si.

ALBERT EINSTEIN (1879-1955 A.D)

“Khua tuaktannak cu thiamnak nakin a biapi deuh.” Kum zabu pakul chung ah science lei le khua tuaktannak lei minthang hna lakah Albert Einstein cu Relativity Theory (Pakhat le pakhat cuaithlainak Ruahnak fianternak) a hmuhchuahmi ruangah a minthang ngaingai mi a si. Relativity Theory (Pakhat le pakhat cuaithlainak Ruahnak fianternak) ah ai telmi theory pahnih 1905 kum ah le a tlangpi in (General Theory) timi 1915 kum ah a hmuh in a chuahpi hna. Mah cucu Einstein nih vawlei tthawnnak tiah a ti. Mah hi Theory pahnih cu a har in sullam thuk taktak a ngeimi an si. Hika ah zeidah an si tiah fianter kai tim lo. Relativity Theory (Pakhat le pakhat cuaithlainak Ruahnak fianternak) hmuh tonnak cu tampi a um ko.

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE (1820 – 1910 A.D)

 “A hmasa bik siizung nih a herhmi cu mizaw cungah fahnak pek lo kha a si.”

Florence Nightingale cu 12 May 1820 kum ah Vialla La Columbaia, Florence ah a chuak i a chuah hnu ah an khua min lak in Florence tiah min an sak. A pa cu William Edward Nightingale a si i, 1 June 1818 ah Frances Smith he an i tthi um. Amah cu sal zuatnak dohnak leiah thapetu ngaingai a si. Fanu pahnih an ngeih hna. Parthenope le Florence an si. Parthe min an peknak cu a chuaknak Naple min an lak piakmi in a si.

Lai Nu Tthanchonak Dawnkhantu Hi Zeidah A Si?

                                         Written By:

                       Salai Bawi Hlei Hu

Biadomhnak: Lai miphun cu sifak retheih ngai in chun nilin lak ah tuhmui tlaih in lo athlo i rianhrang a rak tuan peng mi, Seihnam in thil phorh i nilin le ruahsur lak ah chuk le cho kal in rian a rak tuan mi miphun kan rak si. Fimcawnnak lei zong ah hmuhnak le theihnak a rak tlawm caahPupa chan ahcun Laimi kan phung ah nu le pa tlukruannak a um lo. Nu nih ro an co kho lo. Nu nih phun an tung kho lo. Nu nih hruainak an tlai kho bal lo. Nain nihin kan chan ah lai miphun kan thancho ning tuak ah khuaruahhar in kan thangcho ve cang. Kan thancho tiah ka ti tikah micheukhat thinlungput ah a rak um ding biahalnak cu ..Vawlei nih a sempi mi le arak chuakpi mi Chawva, sui le ngun hlawnthilri pawl asi kho men…Kha lawng kha thanchonak tahfung arak si lo. Ram pakhat, miphun pakhat thanchonak he aa pehtlaihmi cu thinlungput le nuncan ziaza cun kan khuaruah ning le kan nunphung ah Nu le Pa covo aa tluk tein ruah piak thiam  zong hi a rak herh tuk mi thanchonak lam cu a si.

CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882 A.D.)

CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882 A.D.)

“Minung hi Zawng (Monkey) in ai semmi kan si”

Ram minthang ah Pathian nih saupi a chiahmi, nitla kho lo ram tiah an rak timi ram Siangpahrang pa cu kumpinu cozah nih India ram uk an timh lioah khan London khuapi le a pawngkam ahcun Pathian duh loning in nunning cu mi thinlung ah thukpi in a rak um cang. Oxford le Cambridge University ah khua muihnak bawi (khuachia) rianttuannak nih an thinlung ah rian a ttuan hna. Chaw le va duhfah hakkauhnak le minthang duhnak nihcun mikip thinglung ah thlaici bangin a kheu. Cu lio chan ah Charles Darwin cu England ram ah Shrewsbury khua ah a rak chuak.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1809-1865A.D)

“Thilttha lo ai tel lomi cu kan dihlak caah sifak rethei bawmhnak a si, Pathian nih thilttha a kan hmuhter bantukin kan dihlak kan rian dih dingah i zuam hna sih, hmunkhat ah ram hliamhma tuam hna usih”

Lincoln cu February 12, 1809 kum ah Hodgenville, Kentucky ah a chuak. Lincoln le a chungkharnih harsatnak tampi an ton. Cu caah pawcawmnak le fimcawnnak leiah harnak an tong ngaingai. 1816 kum ah Lincoln te chungkhar cu Indiana ah an i tthial. Lincoln nih lo ah rian a ttuan pah in fimcawnnak hi biapi ah a chiah i caanttha a hmuh paoh cawnnak ah a hman zungzal.

NAPOLEON BANAPARTE (1769 – 1821 A.D.)

“Thihnak hi zei a si loh. Asinain teimi si cu ni fatin thih a si,”

Vawlei ralbawi minthang hna lak zongah mitampi nih minthang bik ah an ruahmi pa Napoleon min a theilomi hna cu mi hnachet le mihrut an si lai tiah an chim lengmang tawn. France ram thlanglei Mediterranean rili tikulh hmete Corsica an timi ah Napoleon cu a rak chuak. Italy mi pawl nih hrinmi men sihmanhsehlaw “Emperor” (Ram kaupi) ah bawi minthang “A ke voikhat a per khawn ahcun Europe ram cu ai hnin dih ko” an timi cu Napoleon hi a si.

Facebook Le Instagram Sml 1 Tluk A Rawk

Vawleicung Social Network tthabik le hmantam bikmi Facebook cu tuni zanlei suimilam 5:00AEDT caan ah Suimilam 1 tluk ai rawk ruangah Instagram zong a rawk chih ve. Zeiruangah a rawk ti cu nawlngeitu pawl nih an tarlangh rih lo nain a hmangtu an tamtuk ruangah a si bik lai tiah an zumh a si.

Hi bantukin kan hnu kum ah caan tlawmpalte chung a rak rawk bal. Facebook a hmangtu pawl le a uartu pawl caah awlokchong in an rak um tiah ABC nih a tarlangh

Malaysian Airline, Sony PlayStation Network le Microsoft’s Xbox Live pawl a rak hack tu Lizard Squad mifirfiak an si lai tiah zumhnak an ngei.

Mah a hrawktu pawl nih hin DDOS timi phun khat hmangin an tuahmi a si tiah zumh a si. Mah cu Internet lampi pakhat ah kuatkhawh ding zatnak tam in an kuat ruangah a chei lo i cu ruangah a chiami a si tiah an zumh. Ref: Chinlandtoday

SIR ISAAC NEWTON

“Vampang tampi kan ser nain hleidonhmi ai za lo.” England ram i Lincolnshire (constancy) chung, Woolsthorpe an timi khua ah a ummi Hannah Ayscough nih 1642 kum, Khrismas ni ah fapa a hrin i, a fapate cu a reng tuk ah bantiate lawng a si. A vapa Isaac Newton cu a liamciami thlathum ah a thih cang ruangah a fapa min ah apa min chuankhan in Hannah nih Isaac Newton ti’n min a sak. Cu lioah bawmhte a baremite cu kum 85 a nung lai i vawlei thil sining tuaktan thiam scientist minthangbik ah chiah a si lai ti’n zumh awk a rak har. A chuah hlan in a pa nih a thihtak i kumhnih lawng asi lioah anu nih vadang a ngeihtak hawi. Cu ruangah Newton cu api nih a zohkhenh i a dawt ngaingai. Kum 12 a si ah a pi nih sianginn a kaiter ve. A hmasa ah hngakchia dawt sual hna bantukin ca a zoh duh ve loh. Cu lawng siloin hngakchia dang nakin a hrutbik le zeihmanh a si lomi ah Newton nih amah le mah ai ruat. Stoke sianginn ahhin pa hngakchia ngakttah le sifak a derthawmmi hna nihsawh a hmangmi pa a um.

Chanhtu ttha ngei lo, bochan dingah api lawnglawng a ngeimi le api dawt tukmi Newton kha, pa hngakchia pakhat misual ngaimi nih cun vuak a timh. A van banh sek i Newton nih ceilak in a phomh. Cu hnu cun Newton cu a thinlung ai thleng diam ai. Cuticun mah le mah izumhnak fek a ngei. Ca zong a thar in a thiam tthan i ca zoh a huam tawnlomi kha ca zoh a huam cemmi ah a van i chuah. Newton cu kumhnih lawng ca a cawng i a nu pasal Barnabas Smith nih a nunnak a liamtak hawi hna. Cu ticun an inn, lo le rosung vialte cu anu Hannah caah zohkhenh a har ngaingai cang. Cu caah Newton cu anunih sianginn in a dinhter i rian a ttuanter. Mah lio ahhin Newton cu Kum 14 lawng a si rih. Sattil arva zohkhenh pah in ca a zoh pah lengmang. Anu Hannah nih a fapa ca a cawng duh taktak ti a theih ko nain sianginn kaiter cu thil si kho ah a ruat kho loh. Newton William Ayscough Cambridge Trinity College ah rianttuantu pakhat nih Newton nih cacawn a duhning a theih tikah a zaangfak ngaingai. Cu tikah a farnu Hannah cu a fapa Newton cu ca cawnter dingin a forhfial lengmang caah sianginn kaiter dingah a lung a tling ve. Cuticun 1660 kum ah Newton nih cacawn ai thawk tthan. 1661 June 5 ah Newton nih Trinity College Cambridge ah cacawn a va peh tthan. Newton nih January 1665 kum ah Bachelor of Arts degree a lak. Mah hlan kumthum chung ah catang dangdang cawn chih khawhmi a rak cawn chih hna lai tiah zumh a si. 1665 chung ahkhan ‘Binomial Theorem’ an timi cu a rak hmuh chuah diam cang. Cu hnu deuh ah ‘Fluxion’ tiah min a sak. Atu caan ah ‘Integral Calculus’ an timi a va hmuh chuah tthan. Cun thil pakhat ‘Volume’ tuakning zong a hmuh chuah tthan rih. 1666 kum ah mah tihin ca a ttial, “Fluxion khatlei kam cu tuaktannak ka thawk i mah cu kum tthiamtthiam ahcun dawphnuhnak thazaang (Gravity) nih cun Thlapa (Moon) kalnak lam hna zong ai tel chih dih lai tiah zumhnak ka ngei i; mah hi vialte hi kumhnih chung 1665 le 1666 chung a rau i hi kum hna hi ka caah cun caan sunglawibik a si,” tiah a ti. Filawsawfar minthang Voltaire nih Newton konglam a chimnak ah Woolshorpe dum pakhat a kal lioah apple pakhat cunglei in a tlak a hmuh in a thil hmuhmi lakah minthangbik ‘The law of universal gravity’ (Van le vawlei a dawp ning phung) cu a tuaktanter colh tiah a ti.

1667 kum ah Newton cu Cambridge ah a kir tthan I Fellowship of Trinity rianttuantu caah thim a si. Kum raulote chung cu Durbing serning le ceu (light) kalning le thlalang Durbing serning hna a cawn pah chih caah ai manh lo ngaingai. 1668 kum ah Reflecting Telescope hmasabik a ser khawh. Mah hi Durbing hmangin Jupiter le a kam i arfi ai her (Satetile) hna cu a hmuh khawh hna. 1669 kum ah Trinity college Mathematics professor a simi Borrow cu a rian in ai phuak i amah rian ai-awhtu ah Newton cu an lak. 1671 January thla ah Royal society member caah thim a si tthan. Newton nih thildang a hmuhmi tampi um ko hmanhsehlaw gravitation dawpnak thilphun a hmuhmi in a minthan cemnak bik cu a si. Mah thil a hmuh khawh nakding ah zeitluk in ai zuam tiah hngalhfian a si loh. 1684 kum ah Halley nih Newton cu cauk in chuah dingah a fial. 1687 kum ah seh in an ttial i an chuah. Mah hi cauk ah van le vawlei (universal) cung arfi hna, nika le thlapa hna le kan umnak vawlei hna an cawlcanghning hna a fianh khawh cang. 1692 in 1694 tiang kha Newton cu zawtnak fak ngai nih a tlak. Mah hi chung ah Science cawnnak zong a dinhtak chung. Newton cu ai hngilh kho lo i, a thinlung a buai. Ihkhun ah ai let lengmang tawn. England lawng siloin Europe ram dihlak ah thinlung buai (mental hospital) ah a um ti’n a thang. 1695 kum ah Newton nih damnak a hmuh tthan i tangka nek sernak ah warden caah lak a si. Kumli hnu ah Master of the Mint tangka sernak ah a lubik caah lak a si tthan. Hi rian hi a thiamtuk caah amah bantuk an um lai lo tiah an rak ti phah. A thih tiang in mah rian cu a ttuan.

Isaac Newton cu 1689 kum ah University ai-awh in member of Parliament MP rian a rak ttuan cang. 1701 kum ah MP ah thim a si tthan. MP a si chung ahhin Parliament ah ttuan ding a tam tuk caah Science hmangin thiltuak le dohlatnak caan a pe kho tuk ti loh. Asinain Science lei cu a dinhtak tthiamtthiam loh. 1703 kum ah Royal Society president Anne nih Cambridge University a va leng hna. Mah lio caan ah rumra ngei takin Newton cu Knight sinak a pek. British bawi hna nih zungthiammi le khuaram mizapi caah rianttuan a felmi hna sinah Knight timi sinak hi an pek tawn hna. Mah bantuk an si ahhin an min hmai ah Sir tiah ttial a si tawn. Cucaah Isaac Newton zong Sir tiah a min ttial le auh a si ve cang. 1727 thokka ah Newton cu fak ngaingai in a zaw ai. 20 March 1727 kum ah a nunnak a liam. Mah minthang pa hi London mi hna minthang Thlanmual West Minister timi hmun ah an vui ve. Mah thlanmual hmun ahhin Newton philhlonak le upatnak caah ti’n Newton lem 1731 kum ah an ser. -----------------

Note: Vawleicung Miroling cauk (By Mang Hlei Cung)chungta lakchinmi a si.

MUHAMMAD (570-632 A.D)

“Ka nawl ngaimi paoh cu vancung khua (paradise) an lut lai. Ka nawl ngai lomi paoh cu an lut lai lo”

Muhammad cu apa nih a thihtak hnu A.D.(570) hrawng ah Arabia ram Mecca ah a rak chuak. A hngakchiat liote ah apu le a nu nih an thihtak fawn rih. Arab phung ningin hngakchia nih zeihmanh roco khawh a si lo caah A.D.(595) kum tiang, mirum nuhmei Khadija he an i ton hlan chung cu harsa sifak in a um. Khadija he an iton hnu ah Khadija nih Syria ah a chawlehnak zohkhenhtu ah a hman. Muhammad rianttuannak a tlamtlin tuk tikah Khadija he an i tthi-um. Kum 24 an tthit-umh hnu ah a nupi nih a thihtak tiang ah Muhammad cu nupi dang a ngei lo. Khadija cu Muhammad nakin kum 15 a upa deuh.

Muhammad le Khadija nih fanu pali le hngakchiat lioah a thimi fapa tampi an ngeih hna. Muhammad nih chawlehnak a tuah lioah miphun dangdang le biaknak dangdang Khrihfa, Jews le Khrihfa a si lomi pawl he pehtlaihnak a rak ngei hna. Khadija he an ingeih hnu ah Muhammad cu a rum ngaingai cang nain Mecca buainak le biaknak lei tthumchuknak ruangah mah lawng in um i khuaruah tuaktannak in a caan a hman.

Muhammad nih mah lawng umnak in caan a hman lio A.D (610) hrawng ah aw a theihmi a um. Cu aw nihcun, “Nangmah cu Pathian bia phortu na si,” tiah a ti. Muhammad nih a hnu ah mah hi aw a theihmi cu vancung mi Gabriel a si tiah a ti. A voikhatnak ah Muhammad nih bia a donmi cu a hawile sin, theih hngalhmi hna sin lawngah a phuan nain A.D.(612)asiloah (613)in mizapi sinah phuan hram a thawk. Cun a thinlung chung ah cu biachimmi pawl cu ai cinken hna. A hawile pawl nih a bia theihmi pawl cu Moses le Jesuh nih midang sinah an phuan bantukin phuan ve dingah an fial. A thih tiangin Muhammad nih biaruahmi a don peng.

Cu a bia donmi pawl cu cauk in an tuah i Koran (Qur’an) khi an chuahmi a si. Muslim pawl nih Muhammad sin in an hmuhmi Koran cu Pathian sinin a rami a si tiah an cohlan. Muhammad nih Gabriel vancungmi sinin fialnak a hmuh hnu, kumthum rian a ttuan chung ah zultu minung 40 lawng a hmuh khawh. A cawnpiaknak nih Mecca minung pawl nunzia le chawlehnak a doh caah a zultu hna telin hremnak an ton. A voikhatnak ah nihsawhnak menmen asinain caan tlawmpal hnu ah dohnak fak ah a cang. Lung in an cheh hna, thingtan in an tuk hna, thlacamnak an ngeih lioah hnawm in an cheh hna, thong ah an thlak hna pinah an rianttuannak an doh rih hna. Islam biaknak thar zultu hna cu Muslim tiah theih an si hna. Dohnak chung in luat awkah a zultu minung sawmriat tluk Ethiopia ah an kal.

September 622 A.D. ah Muhammad cu Media ah ai tthial. Cu ka hmun ah cun a zultu pawl minung sawm sarih an rak um cang. Hi hmun cu Hijra (Latin holh in hegira) tiah min auh a si i hi hmun cu Islamic tuanbia chung i chan biapi ngai pakhat ai thawknak a si. Hijra:- Muhammad nih Yathrib khua mizapi sinin cohlannak a hmuh tiang dohnak an tong peng rih. Yathrib khua cu Mecca in meng 280 ai hlat. Mah hi khua nih hruaitu an herh i Yathrib kuzale pawl nih Muhammad cu hruaitu rian lak dingah halnak an pek. Muhammad le a zultu hna nih an lehmi hna cu Allah lawng biak ding le Muhammad nawlngaih ding le a caah humhimnak pek ding tiah an ti hna. Allah nih Muhammad cu hi halnak cu hnatlak ding le Yathrib ah luatnak hmuh awkah le timtuahnak ngeih dingah a hrilhfiah. Mecca hruaitu hna nih Muhammad le a zultu hna nih timhtuahnak an ngeihmi an theih tikah kham an i zuam hna.

Sihmanhsehlaw Muhammad le a hawittha Abu Bkr nih Mecca khua an hrial khawh i himte in Yathrib khua an phan kho. Mah hi thil cangmi hi Muslim pawl nih Hijra tiah lawmhnak an tuah tawn. Mah hi can cu A.D (622) ah a si i hi caan hin Muslim calendar ai thawknak a si. Yathrib timi min cu Medinat al-Nabi (Prophet khua) tiah min an thlen tthan i a tu ah cun Medina (khua) tiah theih a si. Medina ah Muhammad nih ramkhel lei ah thil ti kho, uknak lei ah mifim, upat awktlak, hmaizah awktlak a sinak le prophet a sinak a langhter khawh. A thil ti khawhnak cu Arabia ramkip ah a tthang i mitampi nih an theih i an rak fuh. Arab phun chung in Medina pawl nih Muhammad prophet sinak cu an cohlan i amah he hmunkhat um dingah Mecca in an rak rat hnawh.

A hmasa ah Mecca in a rak pemmi pawl nih Medina miphun zohkhenhnak an i rinh nain cu chungin mi tlawmpal nih Mecca in a rami pawl cu an doh hna. Cu hnu ah Medina Muslims pawl zong an sinah an rak i fonh ve. A voikhatnak ah an dohnak cu tlawmte teinak an hmuh nain Muhammad le a zultu pawl nih an van lehrul ve tik hna ahcun an sung tthan. Hi lio caan ah Mecca mizapi sinah mintthatnak an hmuh i pathian nih Muhammad cu a dirkamh tiah Muslim pawl nih an ruah. March 625 A.D ah fak piin Mecca ah dohnak a um.

Dohnak hi voi tampi a um. Minung tampi nih Muhammad an zulh cang. Hmunkhat hnu hmunkhat in teinak an hmuh tluahmah. Cu tikah Muslim pawl an karh ngaingai. A.D.(630) hrawng ahhin cun Islam biaknak fek tein hram a thlak khawh cang. An Baibal Koran hramthawk ah Pathian tthatnak le tthawnnak a lang i; pa pawl nih pathian a tthawnnak thei in biak dingah a cawnpiak hna. Biaceihnak ni zong a langhter. An thinlung ningin paradise (Vancung) le Hell kal ding zong kha khiahpiak an si lai ding ai tel fawn.

Hi cawnpiaknak cu Mecca thil sining zulh in a si. Midang cungah siannak ngeih ding zong ai tel chih. Milem a doh. Pathian taktak lawng a um tiah Koran nih a langhter. Muslim biaknak zultu pawl nih tuah dingah voi tampi nikhat chungah thlacam ding le pumhnak ngeih ding a cawnpiak hna. Lu in vawlei tonghter, cu nihcun Pathian a lianhnganhnak ttihzahnak tiah sullam a ngei ti a si. Misifak phaisa pek. Cun nichuah in nithlak tiang Ramadan thla (Islam calendar ningin thla kuanak) ah thlakhat chung rawl-ulhnak ngeih ding, thilsining nih a pek ahcun Muslim pawl nih Mecca ah a thiangmi khualtlawnnak ngeih ding ti zong kha ai tel.

Muhammad nih teinak a hmuhnak thawng in mi lianngan ah ai chuah. Amah he pehtlaihnak ngeih a duhmi paoh cu Muslim nan si lai tiah nawl a chuah. A.D.(630) ah Muhammad le a ralkap pawl nih Mecca an doh i teinak an hmuh. Ka’ba temple cu Allah sinah an pek. Hi lio caan ah Mecca minung dihlak ti awktluk nih Islam biaknak an cohlan. Hi teinak an hmuh hnu ah Muhammad cu Medina ah a kir tthan i A.D.(632) ah a nunnak a liam. Muhammad a nunchung ah Arabia ram dihlak ti awk tluk nih Islam zumhnak an cohlan. Muhammad nih nupi pakua le nupi taktak si loin nupi ah a hmanmi pakhat a ngeih hna.

A.D.(634) hrawng ah cun Islam biaknak nih Arabia vawleicung dihlak ti awktlukin hmunhma a lak cang. Muhammad a thih hnu kum 100 chung ah Atlantic rili leng, China tiang a phan. Hi tin teinak an hmuhnak cu Muhammad rian ai-awhtu hna le Muslim bawi pawl nih ralkap lei le ramkhel leiah thil ti khawhnak an ngeih ngaingai caah a si.

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Note: Vawleicung Miroling cauk (By Mang Hlei Cung)chungta lakchinmi a si.

SOCRATES (469-399 B.C)

“Minung hi tthatnak tel locun zeihmanh kan si lo. Thiannak timi zong hi thilttha kan duh ruangah a ummi a si. Minung nih mah hi a theihhngalh lo tik ahcun sualnak thilttha lo a tuah ttheo tawn.”

Socrates cu BC 469 ah Grik ram khuapi pakhat Atheni khua ah a chuak. Mah lio ahhin Grik ram cu mizapi duh dingin ram hruainak cu an rak kalpi cang. Khuapi pakhat cu ram pakhat mahte ai ukmi independent an si hna. Atheni khua cu Grik ramuk bawi pawl an khuasaknak ah tthuttonak a sangbikmi a rak si.

Socrates a pa cu milem sertu a si. Socrates zong nih a pa rianttuanmi cu a pehzulh ve. Socrates cu pa fate, pawpuar kirhkerh, hnarkuhte, le a mit khat le khat ai hlatmite a si.A sining zoh ahcun minih nehsawh awktlakmite khi a si. Asina’n Socrates cu Filawsawfar (Khuaruah leiah) minthang, vawlei nih a upatmi minthang a si. Minung nunnak le umtu ning ruahnak a theimi hi mifim Filawsawfar an ti hna. Mi cheukhat Atheni minthang tampi lak zongah Socrates cu minthang bikah ruahmi ah ai tel.

Cauk a ttial lo nain mitampi sinah a hmuh tonmi voi tampi a chimh hna. Minih nunning ttha le biatak an hmuh khawh nakhnga biahalnak khuaruahhar biakirh pipi cu an theihfian khawh nakhnga caah a hal tawn hna. Socrates nih mi a cawnpiak ning khuaruahhar le a thuhning cu Plato le Xenophon hna nih tampi an ttial ruangah chanthar mino hna nih nihin chun tiang zongin Socrates a min le a thil ti khawhnak kan theihnak hna hi a si i; Plato hi Filawsawfar minthang le thil tuaktan a thiammi a rak si ve.

A bia le hla hna cu nihin chan tiangin sianginn ttha hna ahcun cawnter peng an si hna. Cun Xenophon zong hi thawngpang a ttialmi minthang taktak a si ve. Xenophon le Plato cu an pahnih in Socrates nih a rak cawnpiakmi hna an si. Plato a cattialmi in Socrates a biachim ningah biadik kawl in biahalnak a tuahmi le bia-el awk a harmi phun dangdang hna, thil phundang tete i a ruahmi hna, thihnak le nunnak kongkau ah a cuanhkhawh ning hna le khuaruahhar minthang a sinak cu vawleipi nih a theih khawhnak a si.

Grik miphun hna hi vawlei ah mifim hmasa an rak si i, mizapi i hruaining Democracy phung a hmang hmasabik mi zong an rak si fawn. Raltuk zong an huam ngaingai. Socrates zong ralkap a rak tla ve. Amah hi raltuknak ah a ral tthatning le raltuk a rak thiamning hi khuaruahhar a rak si. Potida idohnak hna, Delium le Amphipolis raltuknak pawl ah Socrates cu ralttha taktak in raltuknak ah ai rak i tel ve. Ralkap in ai dinh hnu ah a rian nganbik cu biasawngtlorh le biachim hi a si bik. A bia chimning zong hi midang nakin ai dang ngai i, amah nun chung hmanh ah vawlei cungmi laka fimbik in ruahmi a si manh.

Socrates cu zingkate in a tho tawn i, Atheni khuapi chung ah a leng vak tawn. Tthal lio le khuasik lio zongah angkileng lum ai aih bal loh. Keden denh loin khualak ah a kal tawn.Hiti hon zoh ahhin misifak le mirum a si lo tiah theih khawh colh a si. Sifak bantukin ai umtermi si loin mi sifak hrimhrim a si. A rian nganbik (mission) cu mi thinlung le khuaruahnak a theihngalhkhawh tuk hna ruangah midang an khuaruah a har. Miralttha le tuarnak zong a ing kho taktak fawn. Antiphon nih Socrates tuarning bantuk in sal (Slave) hmanh zong khi sifahnak pe usihlaw an zam diam ko lai tiah an rak ti. Socrates nih Atheni khuapi a chuahtak bal lo.

Khualai le dawrpi hmun hna, zoh nuam an umnak hmun hna ah a va kal tawn. Mah hmun ahhin bia a chim i biasawng a va tlorhpi tawn hna. Mirum le sifak a thleidang lo i; mizapi nih a biahalnak a tuahmi cu dikte in leh an i zuam tawn. Itonnak hmun ah a thei lo bik bantukin ai umter tawn. Mihrut bantukin bia ai chimter tawn i nihchuak capo a chimpiak tawn hna. Mizapi a nuamhter hna i cu ticun midang nih Socrates a chimmi cu fawite in an i fiang kho tawn. Socrates nih “Minung hi tthatnak tel locun zeihmanh kan si lo. Thiannak timi zong hi thil`ha kan duh ruangah a ummi a si. Minung nih mah hi a theihhngalh lo tik ahcun sualnak thilttha lo a tuah ttheo tawn,” ti’n a cawnpiak tawn hna.

Khuachung hruaitu hna sinah ai teltum tuk loh. Ai tel caan zongah hin biadik cu a ttanh i raltthate in a dirpi tawn. Minih an ruahning a si lai lo ti’n ralchia in bia a chim bal lo. Voikhat cu hruaitu si dingin an thim ve. Mah hi hruaitu hna cu Atheni ralkap hruaitu hna cungah nawl a ngeitu an si hna. Judah mizapi nih hruaitu Pailot an nor chih bantuk khan Atheni mizapi nih biatak tein hruaitu hna cu an nor chih hna. Cuticun biaceihnak ah hruaitu hna nih mizapi duh ningin thi dingin biachahnak cu an tuah. Mah lio caan ahhin Socrates cu amah lawngin a tang i, “A dikmi phun in bia kan ceih awk a si,” tiah a ti ngam.

Voikhat zong Atheni biaceihtu minung sawmthum hna nih Socrates tlaih nakding bia an chuah. Socrates nihcun nawlpeknak el cu thih khawhnak a si ti thei bu in a el chih hna. Mah hi caan lioah hin Socrates cu mizapi bu nih an von chanh khawh. Cun biaceihtu hna minung sawmthum khaan rian in an phuah dih hna. Socrates nihcun minung thlarau hi a thi kho lo ti’n a cohlan bak i, cu ruangah thih zong hi a ttih lo tiah an ruah. Atheni mi hna nih hin an pi le pu thawkin pathian tampi an rak ngei. Cu hna cu Socrates nih a zum ve lo. Thih hnu nunnak a zumhning, biatak a cohlan ning ahhin amah he aa lomi in midang ahohmanh an um lo. Socrates zumhning he ai neihniambik cu Khrihfa biaknak hi a si lai tiah zumh a si.

Phundang ngai in a zumhning cu a tak in a nunpi. Voikhat hoi cu suimilam 24 chung bakte khualak ah a dir ti a si i; Socrates nih a thinlung ah awnem le fekte in amah a hruaitu a um; mah cu nihcun thil cheukhat tuah lo dingin a ka chimh tawn tiah a ti. Mi nihsawh le zei rellotu ngei ko hmanhsehlaw zumh awktlak tein a zul pengtu a pawngah a ummi bu bantuk an um peng tiah Socrates nih a ti. Cheukhat nih a fimnak le bia-el a thiamnak cu va cawn an duh i mi cheukhat nih nunning ttha an duh caah an va panh tawn.

Socrates nih a cawnpiakmi midang hna lakah mah hna hi minthang deuh pawl an si hna; Critias biaceihtu sawmthum lakah pakhat, Abibiades le Crito, Plato, Xenophon, Pericles hngakchia deuh, Theban mifim Cebes le Euripides le cattialtu minthang hna hi an si. Socrates nih Socrates sianginn a dang tein fimcawnnak a tuah lo nain a sianghngakchia zong nih anmah le a ttha an tining cio cawnnak a sinah an ilak tawn. Socrates cu nupi voihnih a ngei i, a nupi hmasa Marytone sinah fapa pahnih a ngei. Cu hnu ah Xanthippes sinah fapa pakhat a ngei tthan. A nupi a hnunung deuh cu a zia a chia taktakmi a si an ti. Asinain mifim a simi le sifak taktak va he i ngeih ahcun ziachiat zong hi thil fawi a si ko lai tiah midang nih an ti ve.

399 B.C. ah Socrates cu putar kum 70 a si ve cang. Mi tampi nih upatmi a si ko nain khatlei ah dotu le huatu tampi a ngei ve. A ral hna nih a si lo ningin bia an tuah. “Mizapi le cozah pathian a zum lo i Socrates nih thangthar minung tampi a hrawh hna,” ti’n cozah sinah sual an phawt. Hi lio caan ah Atheni mithang a simi biachim a thiam fawnmi Lysias nih an thangchiatnak le sual an phawtnak bia cu hlohpiak dingin cathluan saupi a ttialpiak i Socrates a pek. Socrates nih cu cattialmi a rel dih hnu ah lawmhnak bia a chim.

Asinain a hmang duh hlei lo. Thiam ngai in mah kong i chim cu pasal an si lo tiah Socrates nih a ti. Sicynonia kedenh pum bantukin a rem ngai ko nain nunau pawl tuah ding a si a ti. Socrates nih a duh ningte in a leh hna. “Atheni mi hna nih lih an ka puhnak nihhin zeitluk tiangin dah mizapi an iap hna i, a ciah hna tiah ka thei lo i, an bia le hla ka ngaih lio ve ahkhan keimah le mah hi kai philh dengmang. Lih an ka puhnak kha a dik ngaimi in a lang. Asinain a diklomi a si. Biadik an chim lo,” tiah Socrates nih a leh hna.

Lih an puhnak cu a el duh hna lo i, a thil tuah tawnmi le ai tinhmi pawl cu a tuah tthiamtthiam ko hna. A ngeihmi vialte Atheni khua caah a peknak hna le khuami pawl caah thilttha tuah hi a duhbikmi a sinak kong le cucu pathian hna nih a sinah a tuah dingmi le a rian a sinak an chimhmi kong cu mizapi sinah a chim. Ram hruaitu sinah cun, pathian hna nawlngeihnak cu ram hruaitu hna nawlngeihnak nakin a cohlan deuh nak kha Socrates nih a chim chap.

Cu bia nihcun hruaitu hna a buaiter ngai cang hna nain a chim chih tthiamtthiam. “Biadik ka kawlnak hi dinhtak kai timh ruangah Socrates hi a dik ko tiah nan ka ti ahcun tihin ka ti lai. Aw Atheni mi hna kai lawm ko nain pathian bia ka ngai deuh lai. Thawchuah khawhnak le nunnak ka ngeih chung paoh hi amah rianttuan dingin a ka sertu pathian bia cu ka zulh deuh ko lai i ka rianttuannak le zumhnak in kai din bal lai lo.

Ka hmuhmi hna sin paoh ah ka chim tawnmi nan thlarau a tthat deuhnak caah fimnak le biatak zeirel lo le rumnak le mintthatnak lawng nan dawimi hi ningzak thil hna an si tihi ka peh peng ko rih lai. Thihnak hi zeidah a si ka thei lo i thilttha a si kho men. Thihnak he pehtlai in ttihnak ka ngei lo. Cu belte ka theih,” tiah Socrates nih a ti hna. Biaceihnak zung nih Socrates cu midik lo tiah bia an ceih i thi dingin nawl an chuah. Atheni phung ahcun Socrates nih hremnak phundang a hal khawh. Tangka tampi cawiliam in luatnak zong a hal khawh. Asinain Socrates nih hiti tu hin halnak a tuah, “Mizapi caah thilttha a duhmi a si i cu bantuk in a cungah hremnak bia an ceih ding a si.

Olympic celhnak ah teitu bantukin rawldumnak an tuahpiak lai i khua mizapi tangka in an zohkhenh ding a si. Cu bantuk in zohkhenh a si ahcun anih zong nih thihnak a luatnak ding Mina khat (India phaisa in Rs. 500) hrawng a cawi lai”. A hawile nih hremnak nakin mina sawmthum pek dingin an lemsoi nain a duh bak loh.

Biaceihtu cuan thinhung tuk i Socrates cu Hemlock (Siivai phunkhat) dinh i thih dan pek dingah biachahnak an tuah. Biaceihtu nih bia an chahmi cu Socrates nih el lo tein a cohlan bak ko. Biaceihtu hna sinah, “Kei cu ka thi lai i vawlei ka chuahtak lai. Nannih belte cu nan nung lai nain zei thil hi dah a ttha deuh ti cu pathian tidah lo, hohmanh nih kan hngal lo,” tiah a leh hna.

Cu lioah puai a um ruangah a thih nakding caan cu zarhthum in an thawnpiak.

Ake ah thir in an hren i thong ah an thlak. Cu lioah a hawittha amah vehtu hna cu thinlung nuamte in a komh khawh hna. A sianghngakchia pakhat Crito cu biaceihtu hna lakah ai tel ve. Mina 30 in i tlenh dingah a rak lemsoitu zong kha amah hi a si. Scorates thong a tlaknak hmun ah a ra i thonginn chungin a chuah khawh nakding lam a timh tuah dih cangnak kong a rak chimh. Asinain Socrates nih a thli in chuah le zam a duh lo. “Phungningte in biaceihnak nih misual a ka siter, cu ruangah ram phung cu ka zulh awk a si,” tiah a ti bak ko.

Plato nih a cauk ‘Phaedo’ ah Socrates a chan a dih cangnak kong a ttial. A hawile cu Socrates a thih lai ah an rak ra hna i, a nupi Xanthippe le a fapa zong a pawngte ah an um ve. Xanthippe nih a ttah buin, “Socrates na hawile he hin ikom hna uh,” a ti. Cun zaangfahnak thinlung he inn ah a nupi cu an lawipi. Cu hnu ah Socrates cu ihkhun ah a van tthu. Ake an hrennak thirhri cu a hnuai diahmah hna i biachim hram a thawk. A hawile nih a kulh in an tthutpi lioah huamsam ngai in harnak le nuamhnak a ipehtlaih ning kha chim a ot. Thihnak le nunnak hna minung thlarua a thih khawh lonak kong Socrates nih a chimh hna. Zanlei sang tlai nawn ahkhin Socrates nih ikawlh dingin a kaltak hna. A rat kir tthan ahcun ni a tla dengmang cang i cucu a thih ding caan cu a si.

Cozah nawlngeitu pakhat a ra i Socrates sinah a thil tuah ruangah ngaihthiam a hal i amah cungah a thinhung lo dingin a nawl. Cu hnu ah mitthli thla ttah buin a kirtak tthan. Crito nih i rianranh lo dingin Socrates cu a ti i ni zong cu a tla taktak rih lo tiah a ti. Lawmhnak mithmai he Socrates nih thih sii a petu dingmi pa cu va hruai cang tiah a fial leh lam. Socrates nih thih sii hrai cu a lak i pathian hna kuttlaihnak caah ti’n tlawmpalte a thlek i a dang a tangmi cu a dihlak in a din thlu dih. A pawng ah a ummi a hawile pawl cu an thinlung fahnak an tuar khawh lo caah an ttap kurmar.

Sihmanhsehlaw Socrates nih a sik hna, “Zei dah a cang le? Ka nupi ka lawiternak kha mah hi ruangah a si. Mihrut bantuk in thil tuahnak a um lo nakhnga ka tuahmi a si. Hnangam tein thih cu thilttha a si tihi ka rak theih cang. Nan ttahnak ngol u, i sum tuah u,” tiah a nawl hna. Siivai a dinmi nih a taksa ah rian a van ttuan cang i thihnak kutkik nih a van tlaih thawk cang. Lungfim loin a tluk hlan deuh vak ah raithawinak fate a rak philhmi tuah dingah a chimh hna i, cu ticun zungzal in hi vawlei cu a chuahtak. Plato nih a tlangkawmnak ah hiti hin a ttial, “Mah hihi kan hawipa, mitling, a caan lioah midang vialte nakin patling khun, fimnak le diknak a dih donghnak cu a si,” tiah a ti.

Socrates a ruak an phum dih hnu ah Atheni mizapi hna cu an i ngaichih tthan. Socrates thihnak dan a kiaktu hna cu Atheni khuami hna nih an huat tthan hna i mivialte nih pehtlaihnak ngeih lo ding an ti hna caah micheukhat lebang anmah tein hri in an i awk i an nunnak a liam tiah an ti.

Note: Vawleicung Miroling cauk (By Mang Hlei Cung)chungta lakchinmi a si.