CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882 A.D.)

CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882 A.D.)

“Minung hi Zawng (Monkey) in ai semmi kan si”

Ram minthang ah Pathian nih saupi a chiahmi, nitla kho lo ram tiah an rak timi ram Siangpahrang pa cu kumpinu cozah nih India ram uk an timh lioah khan London khuapi le a pawngkam ahcun Pathian duh loning in nunning cu mi thinlung ah thukpi in a rak um cang. Oxford le Cambridge University ah khua muihnak bawi (khuachia) rianttuannak nih an thinlung ah rian a ttuan hna. Chaw le va duhfah hakkauhnak le minthang duhnak nihcun mikip thinglung ah thlaici bangin a kheu. Cu lio chan ah Charles Darwin cu England ram ah Shrewsbury khua ah a rak chuak.

A pu Erasmus Darwin le a pa Robert Darwin hna cu ngandamnak sibawi an si. Charles Darwin hi siizuarmi milar minthang London khualeng ah a si lai tiah ruahmi a si. Cu khua ah mirum le a larbik a si fawn. Kumriat a si lioah Charles cu a nu nih a thihtak. Ani (Apa far) nih zangfah dawtnak tein a zohkhenhmi a si. An khua Shrewsbury i sianginn a kal lioah hin ca cawnnak in thilnung phun dangdang hna cu hmunkhat ah tlaih i, pakhat le pakhat sehter le si an siammi hi zeidah a rianttuannak a si ti zoh pawl hna kha a rak huamsazia deuhmi phun an si. Cu ruangah cun an sianguk Samuel Batler nihcun mi sinah fak ngai in a rak sik thlerh.

Kum hleiruk a tlin in a pa nih ngandamnak lei cawng dingin Edenburgh ah a kalter. Cu lio caan ahcun Hih Sii (Hmet Se) sii-ai hnimhter i fahtheihlonak cu a rak um rih lo caah hlai a haumi hna zong cu fahtheihlonak ca ti’n von pek awk a um lo i, cu ticun hlai an rak si hna. Darwin nihcun athling a za tuk ka ti kho bal lai lo tiah a ti i ngandamnak lei cawnnak cun ai phuak. Scotland a um chung thilnung saram lei kong a ngalmi (Zoologist) Robert Grant he cun an i thei hngal. Robert Grant he an i theihhngalhnak in a duh phunte tuah khawnak tipi kam hrawng saram le thilnung an sining hlathlainak le cawnnak ah ai tel ve tawn. Cu hlei ah vawlei um tuning le saram lei a cawngmi Zoologist Robert Jameson sinin thil tampi a cawn chih fawn.

Ngandamnak lei kal cu a huamsazia phun a si lo caah a pa nih Pathian bia cawng dingin Cambridge ah a kalter. Cambridge University a um lio zongah hin Pathian bia cawnnak in cun sattil cawngh le Rang hna i cit le i chaih cu a nuam deuh a timi a si. Cambridge ah a ummi Scientist pawl hna pawngkam ah va tthutdir ve cu ai nuamh ngaingai mi a si caah hawikom zong a ngei colh. Thing le mau umtuning a cawngmi (Botanist) pakhat John Steven Henslow he hawittha ah an i tlai. Henslow pawngah hin a um tam ve caah Henslow a zulmi pa ti’n minih an theih ngai fawn.

1831 kum ah Charles Darwin nih Cambridge University a chuahtak. Cu lio caan ah ‘Beagle Expedition’ khualtlawn dingin ai timhtuah lio a si. Mah hi Expedition nih ai tinhbikmi cu Thlang America tipi kam hrawngah va tlonlen i vawlei le saram thilnung phun dangdang an nun can sining va cawn cu a si. Caansaupi va caam dingin Tilawng (Ship) in khual tlawn an i tim. Beagle Expedition an timi hi 1826 kum ah Captain tling in a dir. Darwin cu Wales chaklei ah vawlei umtuning cawng dingin a kal i a rak tlung cang.

Henslow nih ‘Beagle’ ah kal dingin thim a si cu a chimh. Scientist pawl sinah kal ve kha Darwin nih ai phuhrung deuh ruangah Henslow nih, “Phuhrung in um hlah! Nangmah bantuk minung hi dawh an duh lehlam i an kawl len lio hna a si cuh. Mitlinglo ah i ruat hlah law na hawi, na ca tthatnak a ruattu pa nih zeizong ka tawlrel dih ko lai lai,” ti’n Darwin cu a chimh.

Hi Expedition kal dingah apa Robert Darwin nihcun a siang lo ngai nain a pate nih a kal khawh nakhnga a pa cu a nawlpiak caah a pa nih kal cu a sianh ve. A thaizing khuangtirte ah Cambridge ah cun a kal i Henslow cu a va ton. Cu hnu ah Fitz Roy tong dingin London ah a kaltthan. Fitz Roy cu Expedition hruaitu (Captain) a tuanmi mifel ngaingai a si. Darwin cu a hmuh caangkate in a rem phunte a si loh. Henslow a sin zongah, “Mahpa hi a hnarkuai ngerngurpi in caansaupi Tilawng ah khualtlawng dingin tthawnnak le duhfahnak a ngeih zong a ngei hnga hme maw,” tiah ai ceih pah len.

Mah lio i khualtlawngmi hi an caamsau ngaingai tawn i kumnga bakte hmunkip panh in an tlawng. South America ram hrawng an va pal pinah Gulapages rili kam hna Tahi tili, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Maldive rili kam, Mauritius, St. Helena, Ascerision, Cape Verde ti kam, Azoras hna cu mah hitan an khualtlawn chungah hin an pal chih dih hna. Khual an tlawn chungah Darwin nih thil phuntampi ai lak hna. Cun vawlei umtuning le saram thilnung cawnnak leiah theihnak tampi ai chap fawn. Thlang America sattil le thlaicin le thing le mau, hlan liopi i an phummi lung bantukin a cang/hak cangmi hna thilri pawl a cawnnak hna i Culapos rili kam i va an sining khuaruahhar in a hmuhnak kong hna thawkin thilnung vialte nih hin i pehtlaihnak an ngei cio ti’n a theih. Mah cu thawk cun a khuaruahnak cu Revolution leiah ai thleng ve. (Revolution cu thil pakhat in pakhat ah a chuahter chin lengmang ti’n chim khawh a si). Revolution theory nih minung cu Zawng in kan chuahnak a si an ti.

Zawng (Monkey) cu a tthang lengmang, ai dang lengmang i tu lio minung hi an hung chuak tiah Revolution Theory nih cun a hrilhfiah. Charles Darwin nih, “Beagle Expedition ah kan khualtlawnnak cu ka nun chungah caan sunglawibik ah a cang ai. Ka nunchung ka si ding ningah a ka hruai i khual ka tlawnnak nih cun khualtlawnnak chin ah a ka hruai fawn. Vawlei ah thil ser phunphun chingchiah khawh pengnak cu a ka pek i theihthiamnak zong a ka chapchuanter fawn,” tiah a ti.

Khualtlawnnak in an kir hnu ah an khualtlawnnak kong he pehtlai in a hmuhtonmi a ttial i cauk in a chuah. 1838 kum in ai thawk i kumthum chung Geological Society ah rian a ttuan. 1839 kum ah Emma Wedgewood he an i ngeih hnu ah London khua ah an um. A ngandamnak a tthatlo tuk caah khuate lei tu ah peem a ttha deuh lai a ti i 1842 kum ah Kent Biala Downe khua ah an va peem. Charles Darwin cu damlonak le pawfahnak cansaupi a ngei. Thlang America le Volcanic tikam hna i vawlei umtuning cu cawnnak a peh peng i revolution konglam a tuak chih peng fawn. A ngandam lo tuk ruangah ai dinh caan hna a um ttheo tawn.

1842 kum ah Natural Selection (Khuanu thim) timi catlap 35 in a chuah. Mathus cauk population (Khua le ram, kha hmun ah minung a ummi zat) 1838 kum ah a rak rel i cu hnu ahcun ruahnak a rak ngeih cangmi hna cu an fek chinchin. 1846 kum ah a cattialmi tlap 35 kha catlap 235 in a chap tthan. Mah hnu ahhin Laileng nih cii an i thlah chinmi hna le thil phunphun cu a cawng chin lengmang. Geologist (Vawlei kong cawnnak) Lyell le Botanist Hooker hna, Asa Gray hna he ca an i kua lengmang hna. 1856 kum ahkhan Lyell nih cun a thil cawnmi cu cauk ah chuah dingin Darwin cu ruahnak a pek.

Harnak a phunphun ton bu in Darwin nih 4 November 1858 kum ah a cauk minthang Origin of Special (Thilnung hna an i semnak hram) timi cauk cu a chuah. Nikhat chungah a ca chuahmi cu uk 1250 a zuar khawh. Mah hi cauk nih hin bia-elnak tampi a chuahter. Khrihfabu hruaitu hna le Genesis cauk i Pathian thil serning a cohlangmi hna nihcun an ceihphai ngaingai. Cu lio caan ah Scientist nihcun an doh chih ve fawn. Kum tampi chung ral thawhnak tiang zong a rak chuahter phah. Darwin a thil hlathlai tuaktaan ning a dohtu lakah a zualbikmi Fitz Roy hi ai tel ve.

Beagle Expedition ah Darwin cu ka ratpi caah mah hi thil hi ai thawk ti’n Fitz Roy nih a ruah caah ai ngaichih ngaingai nain san a tlai ti lo. 1862 kum ah thingkep par sin in pakhat le pakhat an i tlaihning kong (Fertilization of Orchid) a ttialmi cu cauk in a chuah. Kumhnih hnu ah zunhri an sining le umtuning timi hna cu cauk in a chuah tthan.

1868 kum ah ‘Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestications’ cauk a chuah tthan fawn. Mah hi hnu ah ‘The Decent of man’ minung kan i thlahning timi cauk chuah dingin a buaipi cuahmah. 1871 kum ah cu cauk cu a chuah tthan. Mah hi cauk ahhin minung cu kut pali ngei hmul ttheptthup in a tulio minung he i khat taktak in a chuakmi a si a ti. Cu nihcun Zawng phunkhat Orang Utan le Gorilla thlahtu he ai naihbikmi an si ti’n a tuak. Mah hi ruahning cu midang hna nihcun an cohlan kho lo pinah tulio Khrihfa scientist nihcun a si khawh loning le a diklo ning fianhnak tthate in an ngei kho cang.

Zei paoh si sehlaw Darwin a theory (Tuaktannak) hi a caan lio scientist nih an rak cohlan ve. Science phung ah a diklonak fiangfaite in hngalh lo ahcun hlonh khawh colh a si lo. Minung um hlan thil kha ahohmanh nih theih thlu khawh a si lo i thilnung dang pakhat sinin a dang ai thleng i ai dangmi  bantuk zeimawzat chim dingmi a ngeih chih ruangah minung zong hi cu bantukin a hlathlainak a hmuh chih rua ti’n hngalh khawh a si. Vawleicung minung ah Baibal bia zei i a rellomi an tam tuk ruangah hin mi thinlung ah zeirellonak thukpi in a um ngaingai cang. Mirum sinak le minthannak duh ruangah le Darwin a zumhnak hrawmpi in mi tampi nih Zawng bantuk minung a thlahtu ruhro an kawl hna.

An kawlmi cu hmu bantuk ah an chim. Cu bantuk Zawng minung lem si dingmi hna cu an dirter i amah bantuk i a lar deuhmi cu Neanderthal minung hna Java Man hna le Lucy an timi hna cu an si. A va hmutu hna nih cun a tamhning an thiam fawn i zumh ding bakin a tuah an thiam fawn. Cu ruangah Darwin cu a min a ttha ngaingai. Sihmanhsehlaw Khrihfa Scientist hna nih tthate in an von zoh tikah cun Neanderthal minung an timi cu tuchan minung ruh motnak rai a ngeih ruangah hin zumh chih deuh a rak si men. Java Man an timi cu a lu caah an hmanmi Zawng phun Gibbon luruh a si i a phei ruh caah minung el ruhro an rak hman tu a si. Cun ‘Lucy’an timi zong cu Chimpanzee a fami Bonabo an timi ruhro men a rak si kha an hngalh.

Minung nih fimnak le tuaktaan thiamnak a ngeihning amah caah cun thluak tampi a ngei i a thluak dur zong Zawng thluak dur nakcun a let tampi in a lian deuh. Pathian nih a dangte in minung hi a ser timi hi biadik le zungzal a hmun dingmi cu a si. Charles Darwin cu saram thilnung le thingram hlathlainak kha amah huamsazia phun a si caah fakpi in hlathlainak a tuah ti cu el-awk a ttha loh. Caan lawng a ngeih caan thadamhnak ah Novel tuanbia cauk a rel tawn. Asinain a hung tar hnu a thih lai hrawngah cun minung kan chuahkeh ning a rak `ialmi cu ai ngai chih ngaingai ti a si. 19 April 1882 kum ah Darwin cu a umnak khua Downe khuate ah a thi i West Minster Abbey (Minthang pawl i phumnak hmun) thlan ah an vui ve. 

Note: Vawleicung Miroling cauk (By Mang Hlei Cung)chungta lakchinmi a si.

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