Nuhrin Covo (Human Rights)

                                  DAL (1) NAK

                       Nuhrin Covo Timi Cu Zeidah A Si?

Nuhrin covo timi cu minung pakhat si ruangah ngeihmi covo a si tiah fawi tein ti ko hna usih. Minung a simi paoh nih thleidannak zeihmanh um loin i thluk ceo cio in ngeihmi a si. Ahohmanh nih kan sin i a ummi covo cu chuhkhawh a si lo. Cu pin ah cu covo cucu a biapi, kha covo cu a biapi lo tiah rikhiah khawh a si fawn lo. Pakhat le pakhat an i pehtlai. Nuhrin covo timi a tlangpi tangah nuhrin covo cu pakhat le pakhat sulthonh in an i pehtlai.

Nuhrin covo timi cu minung sinak ah hmaizah upatnak tling khitkhet he nifa nun khawhnak caah a herhmi a hrampi pakhat a si tiah dang deuh in a sullam leh khawh a si. Minung zapi thleidannak um loin upat hmaizah le I tlukceo cionak sunlawih le upat cu nuhrin covo I a muru a si ko. Minung pakhat upat hmaizah ding timi a muru cu nunphung kip, mibu kip, biaknak kip le khuaruahnak kipah hmuh khawh a si. Nuhrin covo tiah uangthlar ngai in aukhuan hnawhchan bikmi zong cu bantuk minung pakhat le pakhat i puat hmaizahnak ngeih dingin a chuakmi a si. Minung pakhat i a covo chuh hrawhpiak timi cu, cu nu cu pa minung pakhat bantuk in pomlo le chonhbiak lo a si. Nuhrin covo hal timi zong mikip nih upat hmaizah awk tlak sinak an ngeihmi hngalhthiam, pompi le upat pek dingin nawlnak tuah a si.

Nuhrin covo hrampi

1.Nuhrin covo cu mikip nih i chuahpi mi covo a si. (Human Right is inherent) Nuhrin covo cu cawk khawh a si lo. Thlen nawn khawh zong a si lo. Mikip nih minung si ruangah nuhrin covo tinco khawh a si.

2.Nuhrin covo cu mi zapi he aa pehtlai. (Human Right is Universal) Minak le mirang, miphun, biaknak, ramkhelnak, minung thutdirnak, khuaruahnak, nu le pa ti in thleidannak, um loin thluk ceo cio in an ngei. Mikip nih an chuahsem ka in a zalongmi le a tlukceomi upat hmaizah awk tlak sinak an ngei.

3.Nuhrin covo cu a hohmanh nih chuh le dawh khawh a si lo. A hohmanh nih mi pakhat i a covo chuhdawh khawhnak nawl a ngei lo. Mi pakhat i aa chuahpi mi covo cu a umnak ram a cozah le upadi nih theih hngalh pi lo hmanhseh a covo a tem khawh thiamthiam. Cu bantuk in a covo theihhngalh pilo cu a covo chuh/hrawkpiak a si.

4.Nuhrin covo cu pakhat le pakhat then awk tha loin sulthonh in an i pehtlai (Human Right is Indivisible) Minung i hmaizah upatnak a ngeihmi he aa tlak in nun khawhnak ding caah mikip nih zalonnak, himnak, a zatawk covo a ngei. Cun zeibantuk covo hmanh a dang covo nakin a biapi deuh tiah chimrel khawh a si lo. Nuhrin covo pakhat chuh/hrawh piak a si ahcun a dang covo zong a rawhralter khawh.

Nuhrin Covo Muisam

1.Nuhrin covo cheukhat cu pumpak he aa pehtlai mi covo (Individual Rights) an si. Cun a cheu cu mi tampi he aa pehtlai mi covo (Group Rights) an si. Cun a cheu cu pumpak he mibu he aa pehtlaimi covo an si. Bianaah, zalong tein zumh le biak khawhnak cu pumpak covo a si bantukin mibu zong nih hman khawh mi covo a si.

2.Nuhrin Covo cheukhat cu a tu ah cop le cilh in tuah khawh le zulh khawh a sinain a cheu cu a dotdot in tuah le zulh khawh a si. Mi pakhat i zalong tein chimrel khawhnak cu a tu ah tuahter khawh colh a sinain ca cawnnak dingah a herh mi sianginn, cawnpiaktu hna cu cop le cilh in tuah khawh le tuan khawh a si lo.

3.A cheu khat nuhrin covo pawl cu democracy uknak le mipi thathnemnak caah siseh, lungthin le nuncan ziaza caah siseh a herh ahcun upadi in thlaihhip khawh a si. Bianaah- zalong tein kal um khawhnak covo ning in mipi nih an kal um ruangah thil pingpang a chuahpi ding a si sual ahcun upadi nih a khamh khawh.

4.Asinain a tanglei covo pawl hi cu zeibantuk thil sining, zeibantuk ruang hmanh ah kham lo dingin chiah mi an si. Cu hna cu nunkhawhnak covo, hremnak in luatnak covo, thil sual pakhat tuah ruangah vuihnih intuarnak in luatnak covo, upadi hmai ah minung pakhat bantukin chonh biaknak covo, zalong tein zumhnak le biaknak covo hna an si.

Pumpak covo a siloah mibu covo (Collective/Group Rights) timi cu mibu pakhat (Bianaah- nu, hngakchia, khuatlatu miphun, ralzaam, ramhrin, miphun fa, hmunkip thial in rian a tuanmi, nu le nu, pa le pa aa duhmi hna) an si caah midang nih an tinco ciomi pumpak covo a tingco kho lomi, hnon le thleidanmi mibu hna covo a si. Mibu covo hi a hlei in kilven a haumi hna caah a hung chuakmi a si. Mibu pakhat chungtel siruang ah eihmuar a ingtuar mi mibu hna covo kilven cu mibu covo aupi a si.

Biaceihnak he aa pehtlaimi covo (Legal Rights) timi cu upadi nih a cohlanmi covo a si. A fiangfai mi zeihmanh a um hlan chung sualnak a ngei lo tiah upadi nih a timi, tette, aamahkhannak nawl vialte hi upadi he aa pehtlaimi covo an si. Nuhrin covo timi biafang he hmunkhat ah hmantti bikmi biafang hna cu nuhrin covo thanchonak (Promoting Human Rights) le nuhrin covo kilvennak ( Protection Humman Rights) hna an si. 

Nuhrin covo thanchonak timi cu nuhrin covo a thanchonak ding, ram pumpi hmai thlak rian ah nuhrin covo kong telh ding, nuhrin covo upadi ser ding, ca cawnnak le thutdir ning programe suainak ah nuhrin covo nih aa tinhmi telh chih ding timi pawl an si. Nuhrin covo kilvennak timi a sullam cu nuhrin covo a chiatchuahtu dantatnak, sual phawtnak, nawlngeihnak a ping ah hman riangmang in mipi intuarternak in kilven ding, a intuar tertu a cozah cu ramkhelnak lei in dengteo in hnek le mawhchiatnak tuah te hna an i tel.

Nuhrin covo thanchonak tuah tikah nuhrin covo cu upadi chungah telh le cucu upadi ah ser a si tiah tuanhlan ah rak ruah a si. A hnu ahcun a cozah le a cozah he aa pehtlai lomi buu nih nuhrin covo kong ah rian tuanmi buu dirh a hung si i cu hna zong cu nuhrin covo thanchonak caah an hung i tel. Cu bantuk cozah he a pehtlai lomi hna cu aa dawhmi nunphung sersiamnak ah a biapi ngai mi ah an hung cang. A thangcho cuahmah mi ram tampi hna ahcun nuhrin covo chiatchuahnak kong mipi thinlung ah i fian a si lo caah a cozah nih dawnkhantu zeihmanh um loin tluang ngai in mipi covo duhduh in an chiatchuah hna. 

Cu bantuk pawl cu acozah he aa pehtlai lomi nih an phozar. Mipi lakah nuhrin covo kong hrihhram fek tein an hngalh khawhnak caah an tuah an tuan khawh. Cu bantuk lawng si loin nuhrin covo vialte dotthlat i cu chung ah a pipa thim in mah le nunphung ning zulh in san a tlai hnga dingmi pawl zulh in mipi hrimhrim nih nuhrin covo thancho nak tuah khawh a si.

Nuhrin Covo Kilvennak

Nuhrin covo kilven timi cu nuhrin covo a chiatchuahtertu a cozah pawl sualphawtnak tuah a si. Sual phawtnak tuah bantuk in dantatnak zong aa telchih fawn. A caancaan ah ram pakhat khat i nuhrin covo chiatchuahnak cu, cu ramchung i a ummi a cozah a silomi buu nih an ngolter, an dither khawh lo tikah ramkip huap buu hna le UNO sualphawtnak le dantatnak in, cu chiatchuahnak cu ngolter le dither dingin i zuam a si theu tawn.

DAL (2) NAK
NUHRIN COVO TUANBIA

Nuhrin covo timi biafang cu vawlei ralpi II nak a dih hnu ah kau ngaiin rakhman a si cang nain cu nuhrin covo he aa pehtlai mi khuaruahnak cu kha hlan kum tampi in minung nih muisam a phunphun in pom le hman a rak si cang ti hmuh khawh a si. Nuhrin covo tiah min rak sak le auh a si lo nain cu ruahnak he aa lomi ruahnak pawl cu minung nunphung le phunglam ah hmuh khawh an si.

Minung tuanbia chung ah innchungkhar in siseh, a buu in siseh, miphun in siseh, minung nunning cang a dot dot in siseh, a ram zulh in siseh, minung lakah covo le tuanvo laknak pawl rak ngeih a si. Hlan minung nunnak lak ah mi nih mah cungah tuah hna seh ti duhmi bantuk in mah zong nih mi cungah va tuah ve ding timi zulh phung rak hman a si. Hindu biaknak ca Vedas, Buddha cawnpiakmi, Babylonian i Hummurabi Code Upadi, Khrihfa cathiang Bible, Islam cathiang Koran le Confucius chimhhrinnak ah minung covo le an rian pawl chuahpi le ceihmai an si.

Nuhrin covo he aa pehtlaimi ruahnak cu Europe Continent ah a luanciami kum zabu tampi ah a rak um cang ti hmuh khawh a si. England ram John Siangpahrang chan ah a rak chuakmi Magna Carta ah aa telmi cu, a hnu ah nuhrin covo tiah ti te laimi a si ti hmuh khawh a si. Biaknak lei tlangbawi hna a cozah hnahnawhnak in luat khawhnak nawl, upadi hmai ah i tlukceo khawhnak nawl timi pawl cu nuhrin covo timi biafang a chuahhlan piin a rak um cang mi an si.

Nuhrin covo timi biafang cu 1945 kum UNO dirh a si thok in rak hman a si cang nain nuhrin covo a si tiah ruahmi “ Mikip cu mah ram, nunphung, biaknak, zumhnak ah thleidannak zeihmanh um loin aa tlukceomi an si” timi ruahnak cu kha hlan piin a rak um cangmi ruahnak a si. Kum zabu 18 le 19 kar lakah Europe ram ah minung cu minung a sinak kokek thil ruangah covo a ngei. Ram pakhat i rammi a si ruangah, miphun le biaknak chungah aa tel vemi buu pakhat a si ruangah a hohmanh nih midang nak in covo hlei ngeihnak nawl a ngei lo timi kokek covo ( Natural Rights) ruahnak thar a hung chuak. A hramthok ahcun nawlngeitu a cozah nih duhning paoh in tleihkhihnak, sullam ngei lo ningcang loin thil timi pawl khamhnak covo pawl an langhter. Cu tic un a cozah sin ah duhmi hal khawhnak ding caah zalong tein i pumh khawmh khawhnak nawl, chimrel khawhnak nawl ti bantuk ramchung mi sinak covo pawl, a cozah thimnak ding caah me pek khawhnak nawl pawl hun chuahpi a si. Cu ti cun a hung kal i minung nuncannak ah a herhmi sithatnak, riantuannak hmunhma a nuamhnak ding pawl a simi minung nunning cang covo pawl rak chuahpi a si.

Cu ruahnak thar hmalaknak ningin kum zabu 18 a dih lei ah hawi he aa lo lomi dothlennak pahnih a simi American dothlennak le France dothlennak a hung chuak. 1776 kum ah Chaklei America Continet ah British nih American Luatnak Cathanh ( The American Declaration of Independence) an chuah. Cu he pehtlai in a theipar pakhat a hung ummi cu 1787 kum ah American Phunghrampi cu an hun fehter khawh 1791 ah American nuhrin covo biakam a hung chuak. Cu ve bantukin 1789 ah France ram mipi nih siangpahrang uknak cu an hun hrawh khawh ve i France Nuhrin Covo Cathanh ( Declaration of the Rights of Man) ti an hun chuah.

Kum zabu 18 ah a chuakmi France ram dothlennak, American dothlennak i an cathanh mi chung ah aa telmi nuhrin covo kong khuaruahnak nih vawleipi ah a ingtuarmi, mipi hna lungthin a hun tongh. A chapchuan ah Latin America ram fa hna lakah luatnak hmuh duh ah ral an hunt ho. Cu ve bantuk in nuhrin covo khuaruahnak cu hmai ah a hung fong ve. Asinain cu caan lio i nuhrin covo (Rights of Man) timi cu ram pakhat chung ah rak tuahmi miphun covo ( National Rights) lawng a rak si. Vawlei pumpi a huap i vawlei pumpi nih a kilven dingmi nuhrin covo tiah rak ruah a si rih lo.

Khuaruahnak lei ah a thiam sangmi Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill, Henry David Thoreau hna nih kokek covo (Natural Rights) cungah hngatchan in mi vialte he aa pehtlaimi cov (Universal Rights) cu sang deuh in ruahnak an hun ngei. Cu hna i an khuaruahnak cu Leo Tolstoy, Mahatma Gandi, Martin Luther King tibantuk minthang hna a hip ngai hna.

Nuhrin covo tuanbia ah a hmasa bik a rak chuahnak Magna Carta (1215), France minung le ramchungmi sinak covo cathanh (1789) American ram phunghrampi (1791) hna cu kum zabu 20 ah a hung chuakmi nuhrin covo upadi hna i an hrampi tiah chim khawh a si bantuk in cu hna cu nuhrin covo kong he pehtlai in nihin nitiang i chirhchanmi an si. Asinain, cu cathanh chung ah nu, hngakchia, minak, mirang, luhhmuhzi, biaknak, sipuaizi le ramkhelnak chung i aa telmi hna an covo pawl a huap kho chih hna lo.

Kum zabu 20 a hun phak tikah mibuu covo pawl kilvennak ding caah tuan hram hun thok a si ti hmuh khawh a si.1919 kum ah dirhmi Ramkip Huap Rianttuantu hna Buu ( International Labor Organization ) cu riantuantu hna an ngandamnak le an riantuannak humhimnak he telh chih in riantuantu hna i an covo pawl upat le kilven ding hnatlaknak biakamnak ca hun tuah a si. Cu ve bantukin vawlei ralpi I nak a dih hnu ah miphun fa chungtel kilvennak ding caah Ramkip Huap Buupi (League of Nations) nih a rak chuahpi ko nain a hlawh a rak tling kho lo. American ram cu chungtel ram si dingin sawm khawh a rak si lo pin ah Japan nih Tuluk le Manchuria a rak tukmi, Italy nih Ethiopia a rak tukmi a rak kham khawh lo pinah 1939 kum ah vawlei ralpi II nak aa thok in cu Ramkip Huap Buupi cu a rak rawk.

Vawlei ralpi II nak a dih hnu ah nuhrin covo kong ruahnak cu fak ngai le thawng ngai in a hung chuak than. Nuhrin covo khuaruahnak cu fak deuh le kau deuh in rak hman a hung si. Vawlei ralpi II lio ah Jews miphun, Gyspy pawl, nu le nu, pa le pa aa duhmi minung million 6, a rak thattu Germany Nazi pawl nih vawlei pi a tha a rak thirter ngaingai. Vawlei ralpi II nak a dih hnu ah ral a teitu ram hna nih an mah le an buu chung ah pumpak covo (Individual Rights) rak theihhngalh pi a si i 1945 ah Vawlei Minung Nunning Thar ( New World Order) timi an rak ser. A caan a rauh hlan ah cu nunning thar cu ramdang hna zong nih an hun i cawn ve. Raltei ram hna nih ral a thawhtertu hna cu thah loin mipi hmai ah biaceih dingin Nuremberg raltuk lei biaceihnak zung an hun ser. 

Nuremberg le Tokyo ah ral a thawhtertu hna cu minung phun vialter cungah tuahmi sualnak ( Crimes against peace) in an sual man rak inter an si. Cu sual dantatnak hna cu, cu ram hna i an ram chung upadi buarnak le buar lonak he aa pehtlai lomi ram kip huap sual dantatnak an si. Ral a teitu ram lei kap ah dantat mi an um lo dah ti lo ah, cu Nuremberg Ramkip Huap Biaceihnak cu vawlei tuanbia ah a phun aa dang ngaimi a si. Ramkip Huap upadi nih ram pakhat cio i an upadi cio cungah huap khawhnak a ngei timi a voikhatnak a hun langhnak a si. Cu lawng si rih loin cu bantuk tuksum in i thahnak hmailei ah a um tinak hnga lo zong rak ruah cio a si.

Vawlei ralpi II nak a dih hnu in ram hna nih ramkip ah daihnak a um nakhnga le buaibainak khamnak ca dingah rak ruah cio a si. Minung nunnak le zalennak a chuahpi khotu ding covo pawl a hohmanh nih phungning lo sullam ngei loin hrawhpiak an si nakhnga lo kham khawhnak lam pawl rak kawl a si. Ram pakhat chung i a cozah nih ramchung mipi cungah nuhrin covo a buar khawh nakhnga lo vawlei pumpi he aa pehtlaimi nuhrin covo zulhphung ser ding in rak tuaktan a si. A cozah hna zong nih ramchung mipi cungah nuhrin covo zulhphung he i tlak in uk ding in an hun i zuam hna. Cu he pehtlai in vawlei ram vialte tel in ramkip huap bu pakhat ser i minung covo kilven ding timi tinhmi he 1945 UNO ( United Nations) cu rak dirh a si.

1945 kum ah UNO rak dirh a si hnu ah a cozah nih zulh dingmi ramkip huap zulhphung ser ding a si timi ruahnak a hung chuak. Ramkip huap humhimnak le daihnak a hrawkhral khotu ding kong he pehtlai in tha tein an zoh i ral a thotu ram pawl cu UNO nih sualphawt le dantatnak ngeih dingin rak ruahchan a si. Cu ti i tuah tik zongah nuhrin covo kongkua ruahnak nihcun ram tampi nih tleih peng an duh caah “ram” timi a sullam hrilhfiah an ngeihmi zong a hun hrawh. Cun a cozah zulhphung hun sermi nih a cozah nih mipi cungah hrem le inntuarnak siseh, miphun thleidannak siseh, a hun hrawh khawh hna. Phun dang in chim ahcun ram hna nih an mah i an tuahmi cungah ramkip huap in anhun i thlak a siloah zohpiaknak pawl an hun cohlan cang tinak a si.

Nuhrin covo timi khuaruahnak cu chanthar ram a chuahnak Europe ram in aa thok tiah ti khawh a sinain nihin ni ahcun vawlei pumpi ram hna, mipi hna zong he an i pehtlai cang. Mipi nih nawlngeitu hna sin in an i kilven khawh nakhnga a bik in cu uknak nawl cu a hleihluat nawl ngeitu mitlawmte kut chungah a phak tikah i kilven khawhnak caah tiin ruahnak thar a hung chuak. A ruang cu ram uknak nawl a tlaitu hna nih an duhning tein upadi ser khawhnak nawl an ngeih caah a si. Nuhrin covo nih nawlngeihnak a ri a khiah. Nuhrin covo kong ah a thiam sangmi Jack Donald nih “ Theory le tuak taktak mi karlak ah Ramkip Huap Nuhrin Covo” timi cauk a tialmi ah “ Nuhrin covo timi cu chanthar ramchungmi pakhat cio cungah thuk deuh le kau deuh in tleih hipnak a ngeimi ram nawlngeitu nawlngeihnak a deng khotu mipi sermi a si” tiah a ti. Phunghram ning ahcun ram pakhat chungah ram chungmi hna cu upadi in tleihhip a si. Asinain nuhrin covo cu upadi cungah a um. Kum zabu 18 le 19 kar lakah nuhrin covo timi cu kokek upadi ( Legislation) nih ralchanh khawh a si lo tiah an rak ti. A taktak ti ahcun upadi timi cu fiangfai tein tlaih le hman khawh a si lo caah nuhrin covo kong he pehtlai in fiangfai tein i chirhchan a si tikah UN biakam le ramkip huap biakamnak ca cungah i chirhchan a sit awn.

1945 kum ah American ram Sanfrancisco khua ah UNO biakam (Charter of the United Nations) a hran sah a cozah a si lomi bu hna, nu hna, riantuan hna le biaknak lei buu hna nih chungtel ram hme hna he I fonh in UNO biakam ah nuhrin covo he pehtlaiin a dikthlir in aa telmi article telh dingin an rak forhfial hna. Cu bantuk forhfialnak thawngin UNO chungtel ram hna nih nuhrin covo cu ramkip huap in kilven a hau timi ruahnak he upadi lei he aa pehtlaimi ningcang pawl hram an rak thlak khawh. UNO biakam biahmaithi ah ram lian ram hme chung a ummi nu, pa vialte hna i nuhrin covo hrampi cungah zumhnak a um tiah a hrilhfiah. Biakamnak Article (1) nak ah nuhrin covo upat le zulhnak ah UNO aa tinh bik mi pakhat a si tiah a ti bantukin article (3) nak ah miphun, nu le pa holh le biaknak cungah thleidannak zeihmanh um loin nuhrin covo le zalennak a hrampi karhternak ding caah tuah le zulh a hau tiah a nawl hna. A dang article hna zongah UNO chungtel ram hna nih mi vialte he aa pehtlaimi nuhrin covo a karh khawhnak ding caah a herhmi bomhchanhnak ngeih ding in a folhfial hna.

1946 ah UNO nih a sermi nuhrin covo kawmisin in UNO biakamnak chung i aa telmi nuhrin covo le zalennak nawl timi biafang i an sullam a hrilhfiahtu ding ramkip huap nuhrin covo cathanh cu an rak suai khawh.1948 June ah cu cathanh cu an rak lim khawh i 1948 December 10 ah France ram Paris khua ah rak tuahmi UNO General Assembly ah cu cathanh cu rak fehter a si.

Nihin ni tiangah UNO nuhrin covo i a hrilhhram pi a si rihmi ramkip huap nuhrin covo cathanh cu minung caah a um lo ah a si kho lomi ramchungmi sinak covo, ramkhelnak covo, sipuazi, luhmuhzi le nunphung he aa pehtlaimi covo vialte hna cu a zapi huap in rak langhte a si. Cu cathanh covo vialte a neknok tiang telh dih in ramkip huap nuhrin covo biakamnak ca si dingin hun ser khawh a si. Cu hna cu ram hna an phung hrampi le upadi a dangdang hna ah telhchih an si caah a ram zulh zong in cu cathanh hmaul a ngeih ning a lang.

Cathanh chungah aa telmi hrilhfiah hna nih nuhrin covo timi cu ram pakhat chungah ram chung thil kongkau lawng siloin ramkip he aa pehtlaimi tuanvo ngeihnak an si timi ruahnak a langhter. Cu pin ah nuhrin covo timi nih mi vialte he aa pehtlaimi thil hna, thleidan awk a tha lomi a si tiah nuhrin covo he aa pehtlaimi kong a hrilhfiah. Cu a hrampi a simi hna kal ningah mikip nih nuhrin covo cu zeitik caan paoh a tem khawh nain midang nuhrin covo ca buar riangmang in mah covo ah siter lo ding tiah hun pom khawh a si.

1993 kum ah UNO nih an tuahmi ramkip huap nuhrin covo assembly ah an rak sermi Vienna cathanh ah nuhrin covo cathanh chung i aa telmi nuhrin covo pawl cu UNO chungtel ram 171 nih a thar inan fehter than. Cu lawng si loin nuhrin covo he aa pehtlaimi bawi zung pakhat hun ding in le nu hna nih an covo tling khtikhet in an tem khawhnak hnga ding caah ram a cozah hna e UNO nih duhdanh ngeih deuh in hmalaknak lam pawl an rak ser khawh.

Kum Zabu 20 Hlan Minung Nuhrin Covo Ruahnak A Chuah Ning A Dot Dot

1.Ramkip huap Nuhrin Covo Cathanh (1948) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2.American ram hruaining Phunghram upadi (1791) US Constitution
3.France ram minung le ramchungmi sinak covo cathanh (1789) French Declaration on the rights of man and Citizens
4. England ram nuhrin covo cathanh (1689) English Bill of Rights
5.Magna Carta (1215)
6.Hindu Vedas
7.Code of Hammurabi
8. Bible
9.Koran
10. Analects of Confucius

Asia Man (Asia Value)

A thangcho cuahmah mi ram cheukhat a cozah hna nih nuhrin covo timi cu nitlak lei ram khuaruahnak a si. Nuhrin covo khuaruahnak karh ter cu nitlak lei ram hna an nunphung i lak a si tiah an ti. Cu bantuk biachimnak cu a liamciami kum 15 in a rak i thok i Asia ah a hung thang ngai. Asinain ram i a ummi aa dang cio mi nunphung, zulhphung le nunning cang hna nih nuhrin covo cu vawlei pumpi huap in hmual a ngei timi cungah Asia ram nawlngeitu a cozah hna nih solhphelhnak an tuah.

Asia ram ah Asia he aa tlakmi Asia nuhrin covo zulh phung a um ding a si timi khuaruahnak cu Asia ram cheukhat a cozah hna nih an hun chuahpi. Asia vawlei ah a ummi minung pakhat le pakhat kar ah a siloah minung pumpak pakhat le a cozah karlakah nunphung zulh in i pehtlaihnak a ngeihmi cu nitlak lei ram dang hna sining he aa dang tiah an ti. Asia minung lakah nunning cang zulh in thenmi bu ( Community) hna caah duhdanh ngeih in tuan a si i nitlak lei ram ahcun pumpak (Individual) caah duhdanh ngeihnak a um ti a si. Minung pumpak pakhat cio cunah upatnak a ngei i pumpak (Individualism) nak in zulhphung, chungkhar, rualchan cingla, i hawikomh le tleihchanmi hna a buu in tuannak cungah a man a ngeihter deuh mi Asia minung lakah nitlak lei in a rami nuhrin covo cu a herh lo tiah a ruang kawl a si.

Asinain, Asia ram i a ummi nuhrin covo bu hna, mi thiamsang hna nih cu ruahnak cu an pom khawh lo ning, nuhrin covo timi cu vawlei pumpi cung i a ummi mikip caah a huap tiah an ti. Asia ram a cozah cheukhat nih an ti ve bantuk in minung nuhrin covo timi cu vawlei pumpi huap kho loin ram le hmunhma, nunphung le zulhphung he pehtlai in an i dang kho tiah Asia Man (Asia Value) ruahnak cungah Daw Aung San Suu Kyi nih tialmi “ Tihphannak chung in luatnak” timi cauk chungah a tanglei bantukin a tial, “ Kawlram democracy hmuh khawhnak riantuanmi ah nuhrin covo timi hun au pinak a chuah le cangka in Kawlram ralkap uktu hna tadinca, ca chuahmi ah nuhrin covo timi cu nitlak lei ram in Asia nunphung, zulhphung pawl a hrawkhral dingmi ramdang ruahnak pakhat a si tiah sawi le doh le a silo ningin chim a si lai timi cu a hlankan in rak tuak khawh a si ko” tiah a ti.

Asia nuhrin covo a hlathlaitu Yash Ghai nih Asia ram ah aupi mi minung nunning cang zulh in thenmi buu hna caah duhdanh ngei in tuan ding a si timi ruahnak cu a theory ning ah minung pumpak cio ca nak in mibuu caah hmalak le kilven deuh ding a sinain a taktak ahcun ramchung ah lungnge tein um khawhnak ding le ram daihnak ding caah tiah a ruang lak riangmang in mibuu hna i an covo phihpiak lawng a si tiah a chim. Asia ram hna ah mibuu hna covo a biapit ning a bik in chim le rel a siko nain mibuu hna nunnak ah bawmchantu a simi zalong tein chimrel khawhnak nawl, zalong tein buu ser khawhnak nawl pawl upat le zulh a si lo. Ram chung daihnak a hrawk khawh timi ruang lak riangmang in ramchungmi hna i rammi sinak le luhmuhzi le ramkhelnak ah Asia ram a cozah hna nih fak piin an tlaihhip hna tiah Yash Ghai nih a ti.

Nunphung le hlan tuanbia aa khat cio lomi mibuu chungah nuhrin covo timi khuaruahnak cu a tlatlum kholo timi cu mipi cungah voikhat ah za lain tleihhip a duhmi hna nih an lak theu mi chuankhinnak sawhsawh a si. Nuhrin covo khuaruahnak nih mipi nih ram nawlngeihnak cungah biahalnak a ngeihmi pawl, ram uknaknawl ngeihmi ah ri a khiah piak lai timi hngalh a si ruangah hlankan in a ruang lak a si. 

Nunphung lei i khah lonak cungah i chirhchan in nuhrin covo he aa pehtlaimi upadi cheukhat cungah a sullam hrilhfiah a phunphun a um ko nain i dannak tu cu chimrel awk tlak lo tete an si. Mah duhnak te lawng a sullam lak riangmang in nunphung le zulhphung timi in mipi hna nih an tin an co ding a simi covo timi biafang a rak um lo. Mah rian le herhmi ning in a herhmi pakhat rak ser a si i cu ti cun khuasak a rak si. Asinain nihin ah hlan lio chan bantuk siloin chanthar ram hna an hung chuak cang, vawlei thar nunning a hung chuak cang. Hmunhma zulh a siloah mibuu pakhat chungah nuhrin covo cu a hlan zongah a rak um ballo caah a tu zong ah um a hau lo timi ruahnak cu a palhmi ruahnak a si.

Asia ram ummi a cheukhat a cozah hna nih ramchungmi sinak le ramkhelnak covo vialte cu ramchung sipuazi a thanchonak tuan cuahmah lio ah a rikhiah piak ding a si timi ruahnak an chuahpi. Ram chung mi hna cu ram mi sinak le ramkhelnak covo pek an si ahcun ram sipuaizi thanchonak ah dawnkhantu a si tiah an ti. Asinain ram chungmi sinak le ramkhelnak covo cu kham le phih buin sipuaizi thanchoter ding Philipines le Indonesia amahkhan in tette piah khawh ding an rak i zuam. Cu ram pahnih hna nih ramchungmi sinak le ramkhelnak covo hna cu nawl ngeitu a cozah nih a phihpiak hna tikah sipuazi a tla ciammam i mipi nih democracy an aupinak in aa thleng ti hmuh khawh a si.

Nuhrin covo timi cu minung nih a ngeihmi tihzah upat awktlak sinak a si. Nuhrin covo kong chim tikah minung zapi huap in tihzah upat awktlak an sinak chim a si i pakhat khat a dang tein chiah le thleidan khawh a si lo. A cozah pakhat i a riancu mipi hna zalonak le eidin le fenh eih lei ah todelhnak a ngeih khawh nakhnga an pahnih in upat le zulh ding a si. Mi pakhat cu a sifah a paw a tam achun zalonnak a temhkhawh lo bantukin a sifah le a harnak kong a chimphuan khawh tung lo ahcun cu chung cun a chuak kho thiamthiam lai lo.

Nuhrin covo timi cu mi zapi he an i pehtlai. Nunphung kip ah nuhrin covo he aa pehtlaimi ruahnak hrihhram pawl theihhngalh pinak a um ko. Asinain a caancaan ahcun nunphung pakhat nih a pommi pakhat cu nuhrin covo he i tlak loin aa ral mi an si caan a um ko. Bianaah- Africa continent ram cheukhat ah zulhphung pakhat an ngeihmi cu nu chiatha hlehpiak le nichuah laifan ram hna nih minung kut le ke tan in sual man internak an ngeih mi pawl an si. Cu bantuk nihcun nunphung rak zulh tawn mi le nuhrin covo karlak ah hmuhning a danter ngai. Minung nunnak cungah a ummi nunphung le zulhphung pawl cu mit in zoh sawhsawh mennak in a za ti lo. Mah le nunphung le zulhphung hna nih mah ngeihmi tihzah upat awktlak sinak le nuhrin covo a hrawh le hnahnawh a pek le pek lo mah tein zoh thiam ding a biapi ngai mi a si.

                                 DAL (3) NAK

                              RAMKIP HUAP UPADI

Ramkip huap Upadi timi cu ram pawl an riantuannak, rikhiah piakmi a si. Ram pawl nih an mah le an duhmi upadi ser riangmang in duhning paoh in an uk khawhnak hnga lo le mah ramchung kongkau ah ramkip huap pawl tello in kanmah tein kan tawlrelh khawh timi ruahnak thlaunak ding caah ramkip huap upadi ser dingin ruahnak a rak um. A cozah hna nih hnatlaknak an ngehmi cungah chirhchan in hi upadi hi suai a si. Cu ve bantukin ram pakhat I a ram chung kongkau ah sullam ngei loin a dang ram pakhat nih hnahnawhnak a chuahpi nakhnga lo ca zongah a si. Cu bantuk hnatlaknak chung in aa semmi upadi a si. Acozah pawl nih hnatlaknak an ngeihmi cu ka zulh ko lai tiah biakamnak tuah hlan ah hnatlak dingmi pawl cungah fiannak an ngeih hmasat ding in tuah a hau. Cun cu ram cu ramkip huap upadi ahtel ternak thawngin upadi nih a sawh duhmi ram vialte a zulh le a upat nakhnga tuah a si fawn. Cu hnu ah cu ram i tuahmi vialte cu ramkip huap upadi he zohchih incu ram cu tleihhip a si.

Cu bantuk tleihhip khawhnak ding caah ramkip fonh biakamnak ca cungah minthut ter i biakamnak ca chungah aa telmi vialte zulhternak thawngin siseh, ramkip huap buu chungah aa telmi chungtel vialte caah tahtu chiahnak in siseh, ramchung ah thahrum chuahnak, chuan lamkawlnak, khamnak thawng in siseh, ramkip ramchung upadi ah ramkip huap biakamnak ca chungah aa telmi pawl huham ngeihternak thawngin tleihhip khawh a si.

Atu chanthar vawlei ah ramkip huap upadi pawl hi a ram huap awng si tiloin buu hna le ramchung minung pakhat cio ca tiangin huham a ngei kho cang. Vawlei pumpi hi a bi chin lengman can caah ramkhat le ramkhat pehtlaihnak le i hngatchannak a karh chin lengmang cangg. Ramchung mipi zong an umnak ram a cozah cungah huham an ngei chin lengmang cang. Cu tikah ramkip huap upadi zong a hun biapi chin lengmang ve.Hlan deuh ahcun ramkip huap upadi hun ti ahucn a hmasa bik ah ram pawl kha a rak sawh bik tawn.Montividiro biakamnak ca ning ah ram timi cu aa thialkam lomi ram chung minung an umnak hmun a si lai. Tha tein rikhiah cangmi ramri a ngei lai. A dai i ramkulh chungah huham a ngeimi a cozah nih a uk lai. Ram kip fonh i pehtlaihnak ah teltumnak a ngei lai. Ramdang zong nih theihhngalh pimi ram a si lai tiah a sullam hrilhfiah a si.

A pahnihnak ah ramkip huap upadi timi cu a tu ahcun UNO ca cawnnak, luhmuhzi le nunphung bu (UNESCO), ramkip fonh riantuantu bu (ILO), Amnesty International tibantuk, a cozah asilomi buu hna an i tel cang. A pathumnak cu mipi (Peoples) a si. UNO biakamnak ah mipi biakhiahnak telhchih a si cang caah ramkip huap upadi chungah mipi cu pom le theihhngalh pi a si ti a lan. A palinak ah ramkip huap upadi timi cu pumpak (individual) a si. Nai i serthanmi ramkip huap nuhrin covo upadi chungah pumpak covo kong duhsakin telh a si. Ram kip huap upadi nih zaang a dermi hna kilven, i tlukceonak a chuahpi khawh nakhnga tiang thawng ngai in hmalaknak a ngei. Cucaah ramkip huap upadi pawl an umtuning, zeitindah hma lam a sawt ti hngalhfiannak caah a hlei cawn le zoh an hau.

Ramkip huap upadi pawl nih ram pawl an cawlcanghnak ah sikaan in ri a khiahpiak hna i cucu hrampi pahnih cungah aa hngatchan ti khawh a si. Cu hrampi pahnih hna cu ramkip hi aa tluk ceo ciomi an si ti le a dang ram pakhat a pennak hnorsuan lo ding timi hna an si. I tluk cio timi ahhin ramkip hi a hme siseh, a ngan siseh, aa tluk ceo mi covo tling khtikhet in an ngei tinak a si. A chim duhmi cu UNO chungtel ram paoh nih aa tlukceo cio mi covo an ngei ti nak a si. A pahnihnak hrampi timi cu ram pakhat a pennak hnursuan lo ding timi i tlaih riangmang in a cheukhat a cozah hna cu an ram chung covo kongkau ah ramdang pakhat nih soi le sualphawt a si tikah ramchung kongkau ah an ka hnorsuan tiah an mawhchiat tawn hna. Ram pakhat chung ah nuhrin covo chiatchuahnak cu a dang ram pakhat nih hlathlai le, sualphawtnak nawl a ngeilo ti a sit awn. Asinain nihin ni ahcun ram pakhat i nuhrin covo a chiatchuahnak kong he pehtlai in dantat le mawhchiat a si tikah a pennak hnorsuan a si tiah a ruang kawl khawh a si ti lo. Ram pakhat i nuhrin covo chiatchuahnak hi cu ramchung kongkau lawng a si ti cu chanthar ram hna le ramkip huap upadi nih a cohlang ti lo. UNO biakam chung zongah chungtel ram i a pennak upat tihzahnak a ngeih bantuk in ram pakhat chung i nuhrin covo chiatchuahnak nih ramkip huap in daihnak a hrawhhral khawh tiah a pom cang.

Ramkip huap upadi chungah ram pakhat ah upadi a sertu hluatdaw bantuk in upadi a chuah thanhtu, cu hun ser mi upadi aana a fehnak ding caah tuanvo latu palik, biaceih zung a um lo. Ram pakhat chungah misual pakhat biaceih zungah chuahpi i a sual ahcun sualphawt dantat khawh a sinain ramkip huap upadi ah ramkip huap parliament, ramkip huap biaceihzung, ramkip huap palik, thonginn ti bantuk a ngei lo. Ramkip huap upadi ah ram pakhat i upadi he an I lawhnak cu min thutmi biakamnak ca, UNO biakam hnatlaknak tuahmi hna a si.

Biakamnak ca ti tikah ram pahnih karlak i tuahmi biakamnak (Bianaah Australia le Indonesia nih ramri kong ah biakamnak an ngeihmi) hmunhma then nga chungah a ummi ram hna nih minthut in biakamnak an ngeihmi(Bianaah America Continent chung a ummi ram hna nih nuhrin covo kongah biakamnak an ngeihmi) le ramkip nih biakamnak an ngeihmi (Bianaah UNO rili lei he aa pehtlai mi upadi ah biakamnak ngeihmi) hna an i tel.

Ramkip huap upadi cu a cozah pakhat nih min a thut le cangka in cu ram nihcun cu upadi chung i aa telmi vialte ka zulh lai tiah biakamnak tuah a si. A cheukhat ram ah an upadi chungah min an thutmi ramkip huap upadi he aa keihkawh lomi a um theu tawn. Cu tikah aa keihkawh lomi ramchung upadi pawl remh a hau cang. Cu bantuk ahcun upadi a sertu hlutdaw nih upadi thar a ser i a fehter.

Ramkip huap upadi cu ramchung upadi bantuk in biaceihnak zung nih biaceih hrimhrim a si lo. Biaceihnak kong ah ramkip huap biaceih zung International Court of Justice) aa tel khawh ning kong cungcang, biakamnak ca le min a thutu ram i an pomning cungah aa hngatchan ngai. A cheu khat ram nihcun ramkip fonh biaceih zungah biaceihnak in ding in hnatlaknak an ngei nain a cheu ram nihcun cucu an cohlan ve lo. Cu bantuk in biaceihnak ngeih hrimhrim ding in a thawngthami upadi zong a um lo. UNO chungtel ram vialte tel in UNO Assembly ah biaceihmi pawl cu ramkip huap upadi ning in biaceihmi a si ti khawh a si nain a fekfuanmi zulhphung chuahkhawh a si rih lo. Cu bantuk biaceihnak a ingtuarmi ram nih UNO Assembly chahmi a buar tik zongah a buar lonak hnga forhfial le hnek ning cang zong a thlacham ngai ti hmuh khawh a si.

Hnek le forhfial ti tikah nuhrin covo chiatchuahnak in a min a thangmi ram pawl kha a ningzak dingin a hmasa bik ah tuah khawh a si. America le Tuluk ti bantuk ram thawng caah cun nuhrin covo kong he pehtlai in sualphawt khawhnak a tlawm ngai ko nain vawlei pumpi hmai ah thil an tuahmi phozaarnak thawng in an ning a zahter hna. Cu bantuk ningzah a huahmi ram nih nuhrin covo a chiatchuahnak, cawlcang kho lo in tlaihhipnak ngeihmi policy vialte fawi tein aa thleng lai lo nain cu ram i a cozah le mipi nih ramkip huap upadi he aa tlak tein an um ko zia vawlei mipi hmai ah hmuhsak duhnak lungthin a ngeihter hna. A dot chang ah Sipuazi lei phih piaknak le phun dang lamdang in phih le khar khawh a si. A donghnak bik dot cu thahrum hman a si. UNO security council nih ram pakhat cungah ralkap hman in dantat le sualphawt ding in a chuahpi khawh.

DAL (4) NAK
RAMKIP HUAP NUHRIN COVO UPADI

Vawlei ralpi II nak a dih hnu ah ramkip cozah hna nih ramkip ah daihnak a chuahnak hna le buainak a daihnak hnga ding caah an hun i zuam hna. Ramchung mi pakhat nunnak covo le zalonnak cu a hohmanh nih upadi ning cang loin a chiatchuahnak hnga lo kilveng khotu lam pawl an hun daphriat hna. Ram pakhat chungah a cozah nih ramchung mi pakhat covo chiachuah kho lo in a kilveng khomi vawlei pumpi a huap khomi zohchunhawk tlak nuhrin covo pawl a chuah khawhnak hnga a kakip in rak aupi a si. Ram kip an thil tuahmi vialte cu nuhrin covo chungah aa hngatchan ding a si timi ruahnak pakhat zong a hung chuak. A hnu ah nuhrin covo he aa pehtlaimi khuaruahnak nih ram tampi ah ram kilven duhnak he khohcho ngai in a sullam rak chiahmi ram sullam cu a rawhter.

Nuhrin Covo Cathanh
(Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

UNO biakam article 67 nak ah nuhrin covo ( Comission on Human Rights) tel in UNO special commission rak dirh a si. Nuhrin covo commission cu 1946 ah rak dirh a si. Cu commission riantuannak thawng in UNO biakam i aa telmi minung covo le zalonak timi biafang hna a sullam hrilhfiah ding mi ramkip huap nuhrin covo cathanh timhtuah dingin tuanvo pek a rak si. America President nupi Elesnor Roosevelt hruainak in rak suaimi cu cathanh cu ramkip nih an rak uar ngai. A cozah palai pawl, a cozah he aa pehtlai lomi buu pawl he voi tampi i ceihhmainak an rak ngeih hnu 1948 June thla ah cu cathanh cu an rak lim khawh. Cu ca cu voi tampi zohthannak an tuah hnu ah 1948 December 10 ah France ram Paris khua ah rak tuahmi UNO Assembly ah cu cathanh cu rak fehter a si. Ram 42 nih an rak pom. Belerus, Chevkosloviakia, Polond, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Ukraine, Soviet Union le Yugoslavia ram 8 nih me pe loin karlak ah an rak um. A dotu um loin an rak fehter.

Ramkip huap nuhrin covo cathanh chungah minung covo he pehtlaiin a neknok le a hrihhram hna an i tel. Cu cathanh cu UNO chungtel ram hna nih kan zulh ko lai tiah hnatlaknak minthut a herh lo nain cathanh chung i aa telmi vialte upat peknak le zulh dingin chungtel ram paoh nih tuanvo an ngei. UNO assembly nih 1948 ah rak fehter cangmi ramkip huap cathanh cu mithut hau hlah hmanhsehlaw, UNO biakam ah minthut ahUNO chungtel si le cangka in cu cathanh chung i aa telmi vialte cu upat pek le zulh ding in tuanvo a ngei colh. Ramkip huap cathanh cu UNO biakam dah ti lo a dang zeibantuk biakamnak ca, zeibantuk upadi hmanh nih a hip kho lo. Cu cathanh cu cozahkip nih nuhrin covo kong he pehtlai in zulh dingin zohchunh awk ah hman a hung si. UNO Assembly lawng si loin Security Council zong ah i chirhchan a hung si. Cun ramkip huap upadi zong nih a hun i chirhchan. Cun ramkip cio an upadi zong a hip thiamthiam caah a caan ahcun ram pakhat i a upadi cheuchum tiang a hung si. Ramkip biaceihnak zung zong nih upadi ningin a hun i chirhchan.

Cu nuhrin covo cathanh ah rammi sinak covo, ramkhelnak covo, sipuazi covo, luhhmuhzi covo le nunphung covo tiang aa tel dih. Article 30 a um i article 1 le 2 nih nuhrin covo a sullam a hrilhfiah. Article 3 in 16 le 18 in 21 nak nih ram chungmi sinak le ramkhelnak covo a langhter article 17 le 22 in 27 tiang nih sipuazi, luhmuhzi le nunphung he aa pehtlaimi covo kong a langhter. Article 28 in 30 tiang nih cu covo vialte upat pek ding, midang cov upat pek ding, ahohmanh nih chiatchuah lo ding tuanvo vialte an hrilhfiah.

Ramchung mi sinak covo ( Civil Rights) timi cu ramchungmi hna nunnak covo le zalonak an si i cozah nih ningcang loin hnahnawh peknak a umnak hnga lo a kilvengtu covo tiah hrilhfiah khawh a si. Bianaah, nunnak covo, humhimnak covo, zalonak covo, zalong tein kalumnak covo, biaceihnak covo hna an si.

Ramkhelnak covo ( Political Rights) timi cu ramchung a cozah rian ah mipi teltum khawhnak covo a sawh duhmi a si. Bianaah- me peknak nawl, i thimnak nawl, cozah policy chiahmi theihhngalh ve le i teltum khawhnak nawl, zalong tein biachim rel khawhnak nawl, media zalonnak nawl le zalong tein buu ser khawhnak nawl pawl an si.

Sipuazi, Luhmuhzi, le nunphung he aa pehtlaimi covo ( Economics, Social and Cultural Rights) timi cu minung nuncan a thatnak ding ah a dotdot in chuahpimi covo an si. Bianaah- fimcawn khawhnak covo, riantuan khawhnak covo, taksa pum ngandam ning he aa tlak in riantuan khawhnak covo, aa tlukceo ciomi thlahlawh le aa tluk ceo in riantuan khawhnak covo, mah holh kilvenkhawhnak nawl hna an si.

Nuhrin Covo Cathanh A Tawinak In Hrilhfiah Ahcun
1.Mikip hi chuah ka in an i tlukceo cio
2.Ahohmanh thleidan in thlanglamhnak um lo ding
3.Mikip nih nunnak nawl, zalonnak le himnak nawl an ngei.
4.Ahohmanh sal bantukin rian fial le zuar lo ding.
5.Ahohmanh sullam ngei loin hrem, minung he i lo loin hruhru hranghrang in chonhbiak le intuarter lo ding.
6.Upadi hmai ah mizei paoh minung pakhat a sinak pompiaknak covo
7.Upadi hmai ah i tlukceonak nawl
8.Mah covo chiatchuah a si tikah upadi bomhchanhnak laknak nawl
9.Sullam ngei loin tleihkhihnak, ramleng dawinak in i kilvenkhawhnak nawl
10.Mi tampi nih theihhngalh pi i aa buaktlak tein biaceihpiaknak nawl
11.A fiangsetmi ruang a um hlan chung sualnak a ngei lo tiah pompiaknak nawl
12.Pumpak kongkau ah i thlakhrolh lo dingin kilvennak nawl
13.Zalong tein kalum khawhnak nawl
14.Sullam ngei loin sualphawt ding a si ahcun ramdang ah i dor dingin sokkhawhnak nawl
15.Ram chungmi sikhawhnak nawl
16. A kum a tlingmi paoh nupi thit va ngeih le inn lo dirhkhawhnak nawl.
17. Thilri chawhlawn ngeihchiah khawhnak nawl
18.Zalong tein zumh le biakkhawhnak nawl
19.Zalong tein chimrel khawh le thawngpang lak khawhnak nawl
20.Dai tein sermi buu chungah zalong tein luhnak le pumhkhawmhkhawhnak nawl
21.Acozah ah i tel khawhnak nawl
22.I todelh (Social Security)khawhnak nawl
23.Riantuan khawhnak, riantuantu buu chungah luhnak nawl
24.I dinh le zaangdamter khawhnak nawl
25.Azatawk sithat temnak le sii ai i thlopbul khawhnak nawl
26.Cacawnnak nawl
27.Nunphung ah i teltum khawhnak le mah tuahmi a theipar zuun khawhnak nawl.
28.Cu covo vialte upat pek ding tuanvo
29. Midang covo upat pek ding covo
30.Ahohmanh nih hi covo vialte hi chiatchuah lo ding tuanvo.

Ramkip huap nuhrin covo cathanh cu ziaza le sinak zulhphung pakhat men a si i upadi in tleihhip khawhnak dingah a kalpi khotu ding upadi zeihmanh a um lo. Asinain, vawlei cung pumpi nih hi cathanh hi cohlan le hnatlakpi cia a si. Cucaah hi cathanh le nuhrin covo kong he aa pehtlaimi biakamnak ca pahnih cu nuhrin covo thancho ternak le kilvennak caah vawleipi nih zohchunh awk ah chiahmi a si tiah a cheu nihcun an ti. Hi cathanh a kalpitu ding zeihmanh a um lo nain a tu ahcun ramkip zulh phung upadi a cheuchum ah an hung cangcang. 

Cu cathanh cu chirhchan in a dang nuhrin covo biakamnak ca tampi an hung chuak. A cheu cu an nung cang i a cheu cu minthut cuahmah lio pi an si. A cheu cu a hran lawng in suai an si rih. Ramkip huap nuhrin covo upadi pawl cu serte fehter lawng siloin zul loin a chiatchuahtu zong sualphawt dantat ding in hun i zuam cuahmah a si cang. Kum tampi chung fakpi forhfialnak an tuahmi theipar cu 1998 kum ah Italy ram Rome khualipi ah ramkip fonh i hmuhtonnak an ngei i 1998 July 17 ni ah ramkip huap biaceihnak zung (International Criminal Court of Justice – ICJ) cu caan tawite chung ca lawng siloin a zungzal te um dingin biachahnak upadi ( Rome Statute) ser a si.

Hi ramkip fonh biaceih zung nih a cozah pawl sualphawt le dantat lawng si loin nuhrin covo pawl fakpi in a chiatchuahtu minung pumpak zong sual a phawt, dan a tat khawh hna lai. Nuhrin covo fak piin chiatchuahtu case timi cu a buubuu in thah le nawn, minung vialte caah ttih a nungmi a chuahtertu case le raltuk he aa pehtlai mi case pawl a chim duhmi a si. Asinain (Rome Statute) biakamnak ca min a thut hnu lawng ah a tuahmi sual caah sualphawt le dantat khawh ding a si. 2002 ah rikhiahmi bantuk in ram 60 nih min an thut cang caah ramkip fonh biaceihnak zung cu hun khawh a si cang lai i a rauh hlan ah hma a sawt cang lai. Cu biaceihnak zung a zungzal in hun a si cang lai. Minung vialte caah ttih a nungmi a chuahpi tu tuahmi, minung vialte cungah tluntermi sualnak, raltuknak kong he pehtlai in tuahmi sualnak vialte cu biaceihnak zung ah biaceih le sualphawt a si cang lai.

Ramkip huap nuhrin covo cathanh chungah zohchunh awk upat pek le zulh ding pawl cu tha deuh le fel deuh in tuah khawhnak ding ca le ramkip nih an zulhnak lai fek deuh in tuan khawhnak ding caah nuhrin covo biakamnak ca pahnih cu 1966 kum December 16 ah tuah a si. Cu hna pahnih cu ramkip huap sipuaizi, luhmuhzi le nunphung he aa pehtlaimi biakamnak ca (International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) le ramkip huap ram chungmi sinak le ramkhelnak covo he aa pehtlai mi biakamnak le chapchuanmi biakamnak ca (Inaternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Protocol) hna an si. UNO Assembly ni ramkip huap nuhrin covo cathanh le cu nuhrin covo biakamnak ca pahnih fonh in ramkip huap nuhrin covo upadi ( International Bill of Human Rights) tiah a min an sak.

Ramkip huap nuhrin covo cathanh in nuhrin covo he aa pehtlaimi biakamnak ca pahnih a hun chuah tikah aa khat lo mi ruahnak a um ti a lang. Ram chungmi sinak le ramkhelnak covo cu pumpak covo caah a sawh. Pumpak pakhat cio nunnak cungah a cozah tlaihhipnak a tlawm khawh chung tlawmter ding tiah nitlak lei ram Liberal policy he an i khat ko tiah a thangcho cuahmah mi ram cheukhat le hlan Soviet Union nih lungtlinnak an ngei tuk lo. Mipi caah cacawnnak, inn le lo todelhnak le ngandamnak caah bawmhnak pek cu sipuazi, luhmuhzi le nunphung he aa pehtlaimi biakamnak ca he an i khat ko tiah cu ram pawl nih sipuazi luhmuhzi le nunphung he aa pehtlaimi covo biakamnak cu an hnatlakpi deuh.

Cu biakamnak ca an fehter kum 1966 thok in biakamnak ca cung ah minthut ding in ramkip sawm an si. Asinain, kum 10 a rauh hnu ceo ah UNO chungtel ram 35 nih min an thut hnu lawng ah biakamnak chung i aa telmi upadi pawl hmalaknak ning a hung thawng. Cu bantuk in a nuarhnak nih a langhter mi cu nuhrin covo kong he pehtlai in ram tampi nih cohlan an i harh mi a si. Cun mah ramchung kongkau lawng a si tiah ruahmi nuhrin covo kong cu ramkip huap in thithruai dingin innka hun a si tikah cheukhat ram hna caah harnak a hung chuak. Nuhrin covo kong ah biatak tein hnatlaknak a ngeimi ram hna zong nih a taktak ah nuhrin covo kong he aa pehtlaimi biakamnak ca cheukhat a si loah a tampi min an thu duh lo. Abianaah- American bantuk ram hna nih UNO i a biapi bik nuhrin covo biakamnak chungah min a thu rih lo.

Nuhrin covo kong he pehtlai in a biapi mi biakamnak ca pahnih a chuah tikah aa khat lomi ruahnak pahnih a um ti a lang. Ramkhelnak le rammi sinak covo biakamnak ca min a thumi ram hna nih aa telmi zulh awk cu upat i cu covo biakamnak pawl cu a kilven lai tiah aa tial. Sipuaizi, luhmuhzi le nunphung he aa pehtlaimi biakamnak ca chungah mah ram chung i a ummi chawhram pawl a sikhawh chung hman in biakamnak ca chung aa telmi vialte a thanchonak ding ah aa zuam lai tiah a ti.

Cucaah ramkhelnak le ramchungmi sinak covo biakamnak ca cu a tu ah zokzok in tuah khawh colh ding ti a hmuh sak. Ramkhelnak le ramchungmi sinak covo nih ram a cozah nih ramchungmi pakhat cio i an zalonak hnorsuan lo dingin a kham. Sipuazi, luhmuhzi le nunphung he aa pehtlaimi biakamnak ca cu ramchung ummi chawhram pawl a thabikmi lam in hman khawh chung hmang riangmang in duhsah tein tuah le zulh ding a sawh duh. Cucaah cu covo vialte cu mah ramchung um mipi hna an sipuaizi, luhmuhzi le nunphung he aa pehtlaimi covo thancho khawhnak hnga simanking, programe pawl a cozah nih a chuah ding mi a cozah rian a si. A lettu : Pu Van Hmun Lian