ANEKANTAVADA

By; Salai Siang Ceu

Biahmaitthi:-

Minung kan nun ah ruahning le pommi kan nei cio. Kan pawngkam thil umtu hna kan  ruahning le midang lungput kan ruahning. German Mathematician le Philosopher Leibniz nih “Monad ”sullam a chim ningin vawlei cung thil um vialte hna hi anmah le an sining cio ah idannak an ngei dih a ti bantukin kan khuaruah ning zong pakhat le pakhat kan i khat dih hna lo. Kawi Cung le Kawi Thawng cu unau chuak tti khat, muisam zong aa khatmi, faphir, chungkhar khat le hmuhtonmi (experience) aa khat mi an si nain an nun dongh lei ahcun a umnak hmunhma le a ruang phunphun ruangah an sining , umtu aa dang ve ve. Leibniz pom ning cun an pahnih te khan a hramtok tein an rak i dang diam cang , an rak i lo hrim hrim lo. Pumpak, buu, cozah, ram le biaknak vialte nih tlaihtleng ,pommi le zumhning an nei cio. Mah cu hna chung zong ahcun ruahnak le pomning aa khat lo mi tampi an um lai. Philosophers, scholars, politicians tbk hna ruahnak le thil an cuanning zong pakhat hnu pakhat an i khat dih lem lo. Ruahnak le pomning aa khat lomi tampi chungkhar, buu, rianttuannak le biaknak ah nifatin khua kan satti hna. Mah cu theithiam loin, mah duhnak le ruahnak  kha pakhatnak, a si bik, a dik bik tiah mi cheu nih cu kan ruah tawn. Midang ruahnak le pomning  khakan hmuhpiak thiam ttheu tawn lo. Mi cheu cu midang ruahnak le pomning kha a minung ah kan tah i, zei i kan rel tuk lem lo mi hna ruahnak paoh kha kan  zum duh lo.  Mah hi nifatin kan tawn lengmang mi thil a si pinah mah nih  pakhat le pakhat karlak  ah i theihthiam lonak nganpi a chuahpi tawn.

American philosopher Donald Davidson nih cun ka ruahmi , ka duhmi le ka herhmi ka theih. Ka pawngkam thil um tu zong ka theih. Cun a caan ah midang ruahnak zong ka theih ton. Pawngkam thil um tu . Eg.Cauk cu cabuai cungah a um, Lam pawng ah thingkung a dir tbk. Mah pawl hi ka chia ttha theihnak (sense organ) nih a tem hnuahzumhnak  a hrin i, ka zumh khawh mi hna an si. Asinain midang ruahnak cu tu bantuk cun  theih khawh a si lo, an zia za / umtu tha tein dothlat a si lo cun fawi le bai in theih khawh a si lo. Asinain midang an ruahnak  cu an umtu zia za le leng lei a langh ning in ka tah a si ahcun ka ruahnak cu a hman lo mi ruahnak a si. Zei ruangah mi dang

ruahnak cu ka ruahnak he aa khat in kan tah khawh hnga tiah a ti.

German philosopher Immanuel Kant nih cun biakhiahnak (judgment) hi a hman le hman lo theih khawhnak ah lam hnih a um ati. Mah hna cu empirical le a priori tiah a ti. Empirical biakhiahnak (judgment) hna cu thil a hman le hman lo cu leng lei umtu zohnak le dothlatnak (observation) in theih khawh an si a ti. Eg. Cauk cu cabuai cung ah a um, Ka tha a ba, van cu vadummui zawng a si. Physics, Chemistry le Biology pawl nih cun mah empirical biakhiahnak (judgement) lawng lawng an ken telmi a si. Asinain a priori biakhiahnak (judgment) pawl cu mah bantuk hin an si ve lo. Eg. Patung poah poah cu pa an si (All married men are men ), 110+5 = 115 tbk. Mah hna hi cu lenglei in dothlannak in tah khawh le theih khawh phun an si lo i, a ruah i ruah le tuak haumi an si.Mah ruahnak cu a caan ahcun palh zong a palh kho mi a si. Ruahnak aa khatmi tampi an um lioah khattalei ah ruahnak a dangdang  tam lak an rak um ve tthiam tthiam.Cucaah kan ruahnak aa dang cio mi hi zeitindah midang hnursuan loin kan hman khawh lai ti hi hlanlio chan in tuni tiang pumpak, NGO, cozah, biaknak le buu tampi nih an i timh pengmi a si.

Extremism nih zei dah a chuahpi.

Pumpak, buu, cozah, biaknak, ramkhel, chawleh chawrawlnak (economics) tbk hna nih ah ruahnak, pom ning fak tuk in mi zaaran pom ning pin leiin a kar an hlan tikah “extremist” tiah kan kawh tawn. Mah bantuk ruahnak nih cun thil tha a chuahpi mi zong a um men kho. Asinain tampi tuanbia (history) le tuchun ni tiang ah a tthatlonak tam deuh kan hmuh khawh. An ruahnak fakpi in a kalpi tikah midang a harsatnak a pek hna. Pumpak, buu, cozah ,ralkap tbk hna nih midang ruahnak kha zeirel loin mah tthathnemnak caah lawng khua an ruat. Minung an thah hna, ram an lakpiak hna, an hlen hna, an uk hna, an covo a simi kha an pe hna lo. A hman ning khuakhan lairelnak kha an hrial i, tthathnem le a miak lawng kha an i hmuitinh. A cheu cuan palhnak kha palh ah ruat loin, an zumhnak, biaknak ning a si mi poah kha fekthup an i tlaih. An zumhnak le biaknak kha a hmanlo ning in an kalpi i, pathian caah tuahmi poah thilttha le tthalo  zong thiam coter kan si lai tiah zumhnak fek tein an ngei. Mah hna nih cun thihnak zong kha an ttih ti lo. Minung nunnak, ram le covo tam tuk an lakpiak cang hna. Mah lawng hlah siangpahrang le uktu bawi pawl zong  nih mah ram tthanchoter duh ruang ram tam tuk an tuk hna i ral tampi an tho cang. Cu caahextremism nih buaibainak chim cawk pumpak le mibu ah tampi a hrin cang.

ANEKANTAVADA SULLAM

Anekantavada (doctrine of manyness) cu Jainism biaknak i a hrampi a simi le an zumhnak i a muru a si. Mah zumhnak nih a sawh bikmi cu Pluralism (pakhat nak tam sinak),  hmuhning le cuanhning  (viewpoints) tampi le biatak (truth) hna le a taktak a simi (Reality) hna kha kap tampi i zumh le ruah , ruahnak le pomning pakhat sette kha dihlak i a hman tiah a pom lo. Jains nih cun biatak tling (absolute truth) i ruahmi vialte kha andhagajanyayah hin a langhter. Mit Caw hna le Vui tuanbia in a chim duhnak kha a fianter. Mah tuanbia ah mitcaw hna nih  Vui muisam umtuning kha vui  (mit, hnakhaw, mei tbk) an tongh hnu ah anmah le ruahning he aa tlak an ti ning bik cio in an zumh i, cu zumhnak cu a hman tiah an  ruah. Asinain vui muisam umtuning kha aho hmanh nih a sining tak tak kha an chim fiang kho lo, ramri nei mi an ruahnak nihcun a cheuchum lawng a chim fian khawh. Anekantavada nihcun kan theihhngalhnak (knowledge) ramri a neimi (finite) kha midang sinah kan chimphuan tikah ralrin a kan pek. Jains zumhning ah Kevalis (Omniscient Being, Pathian ) timi lawng lawng nih theihnak tlamtling a neimi a si. Minung nih a theih hngalhmi cu a cheucum lawng a si. Minung zumhnak, ruahnak, cuanhning sette nih biatak tling (absolute truth) sinak kha a chimfiang in  ai a awh kho lo tinak kha a si.

Anekantavada hramthawknak cu Mahavira (599-527 BCE) cawnpiaknak in zawt khawh a si. Sanskrit in a chimfianning ah an-ek-anta-vada cu cuanhning tampi (An-“not” lo, eka- “one”pakhat, vada – “ viewpoint ”Cuanhning ) ti a si. Anekantavada nihcun a zultu hna kha midang zumhnak, ruahnak, cuanhning pomning kha ruahpiak le theithiam piak ding in a forh hna. Midang ruahnak, cuanhning kha a upat i, an biatak (truth) hna kha  a cheuchum a pom hna. Nain an ruahnak, pomning, cuanhning hna kha a dihlak in biatak (truth) a keng dih lo ti le cheuchum lawng a ken ti cu a theihthiam. A fawinak cun midang ruahnak le zumhmi kha a upat i, a hman dih, hmanlo dih tiah ruahnak pakhat ah fekthup in aa tlaih lo.

Mahatma Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) nih Anekantavada Ideology a lak

India cu British uknak in 15August, 1947 khan luatnaka hmuh. India luatnak dingah a biapi bik pakhat Indian miphun nih miphunpi pa (Father of the Nation) ti tiang i an kawhmi cu Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) kha a si. Tuchun ni tiang a min hi vawlei ah chim le ceih a dai lo. British nih an rak uk lio khan Indian Independence Movement ah hruaitu hmasa bik le sulsutu pabik dirhmun in a dir. Hriamnam le buainak tello (nonviolence) le mipi nawlngaihlonak (civil disobedience) hmangin India cu luatnak a hmuhter. Cun vawlei cungah mipi covo (civil right) le luatnak (freedom) ding caah cawlcanghnak (movement) tampi thazang a peki, amah thawngin thilttha tampi vawleipi ah a karh. Civil rights movement, United States i hruaitu hna  Martin Luther King, James Lawson, and James Bevel, hna nih Gandhi cattial mi chungin ruahnak tampi an  lak tiah kan hmuh khawh.  Martin Luther King nih a timi cu Jesuh Khrih nih tinhmi (goal) a kan pek, cun Mahatma Gandhi nih a lam/ tuah ning dan a kan chimh a ti. ( "Christ gave us the goals and Mahatma Gandhi the tactics.") Anti-apartheid activist le South Africa President Nelson Mandela zong  Gandhi ruahnak tampi a lak ve. Cun midang dang Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Steve Biko, le Aung San Suu Kyi tiang zong an itel. Obama zong nih 2009 khan thazang a ka petu  biapi bik a ratnak cu Mahatma Gandhi tiah a rak ti bal. Time Magazine nih The 14th Dalai Lama, Lech Wałęsa, Martin Luther King, Cesar Chavez, Aung San Suu Kyi, Benigno Aquino, Jr., Desmond Tutu, leNelson Mandelahna cu Gandhi fale hna tiah a ti. 2007, United Nations General Assembly pinih Gandhi birthday 2 October cu "the International Day of Nonviolence” tiah a min a bunh.

Gandhi hi Hinduism biaknak in a thangmi a si ko nain Anekandavata zumhnak le ruahnak cu a pom i, (principle of religious tolerance) biaknak dang upatnak le ruahpiak thiamnak a ngeihter. A taktak a simi (reality ) cu kap tampi a si ti le minung ruahnak nih a dihlak in a thei hngal kho lo ti cu an pom. Ruahnak pakhat cu zei tik hmanh ah a dihlak in a hman timi ruahnak cu an pom lo . A hman kho, a palhmi kho, a um kho (existence), um lo kho  (non existence) ti kha a si. Mit caw hna nih vui muisam umtuning kha aho hmanh nih a sining taktak kha an chim fiang kho lo, ramri nei mi an ruahnak nih cun a cheuchum lawng a chim fian khawh. Mah bantukin ruahnak, pommi pakhat  khat fak tuk in an i tlaih lo. A himsa, ethical principle hi Jain metaphysics “Anekandavata” ah hram aa bunhmi a si. Cun Ahimsa (non-injury) ti cu midang (minung, saram, thilnung ) cungah fahnak pek lo kha a sawh duhmi a si.Gandhi nih mah vialte chung hin “satyagraha ” timi  pawlisi buainak tel lo (non-violent) cu a hram  a thawk. Thil a hman a simi kha tuah le i tlaih pengi, midang cungah faknak pek loin mah pumpak temtuarnak in a hmanmi thil tuah."Sat".Ruahnak kau, zumhawk tlaknak le diknak."Ahimsa" –midang cungah fahnak pek lo  "Tapasya" - Zawnruah ruang i mah nih harnak le fahnak temtuar. Gandhi pawlisi nih India cu British sinin luatnak a pek kan ti khawh. Zumhnak, ruahnak, pomning dang dang hmunkhat ah (common ground) ah buai loin tein a kan umter kho tu cu mah pawlisi hi a si tiah ka ruah. Gandhi pawlisi hna cu jain metaphysics (Anekantavada) ah hram thukpi aa bunhmi a si.

Biadonghnak:-

Jains hna zumhnak i a biapi bik  a simi le Mahatma Gandhi zong nih tlaihtleng ah a hmanmi (Anekandavada) hi a lehnak hman bik tiah kan ti cun a palh zong kan palh kho men. Asinain Gandhi pawlisi hi mi tampi nih an thangtthat mi le pakhat le pakhat karlak ah remnak a ser khawhnak ah a biapi mi  tiah a ruatmi tampi an um. Minung ruahnak cu kan chim  bantuk khan aa khat dih lo caah thil kan ruahning le pomning cu aa lo cio lemlai lo. Mah tiang cu buainak a um rih lo. Kan ruahnak le pommi cu a hman bik (absolute truth),  dik bik, a ttha bik tiah khua ruah i midang ruahnak zei i kan rel lo tikah buainak hram cu aa thawk. Midang ruahnak le pomning kha kan thei thiampiak kha a herhmi cu a si. Min nih a zumhmi le a hngalhmi kha upat pek zia zong kha kan thiam ve a hau. Hngalhnak (Knowledge) kan timi zong minung kan si bantukin a phak khawh tawk kha a um caah kan ruahmi le a hgalhmi kha kan hman kho i, a palh kho thiam. Minung  theihhngalhnak (knowledge), ruahnak cu a dong kho mi (finite) tiah anekandavada nih cun a ti i,a zultu hna nih bia an chim tikah le a ruahnak a phuan tikah ralrin a pek hna.