ARISTOTLE (384- 322 B.C.)

“Fimthiamnak cu cawlcanghnak men ah a si lo. Tuah lengmang mi ziaza ah a si deuh.”

Grik mifim le mithiam minthang Aristotle cu B.C (384) kum khan Agen tipi kam, Stagira timi khua ah a rak chuak. Apa cu Nichomachus a si i, ngandamnak siilei a thiam taktakmi sibawi minthang pakhat a si. Voikhat le bang cu Alexander nih apu Makedonia ram ukbawi Amyntus II caah sibawi rian an rak ttuantermi a si. Cuti Mekedonia bawi chungkhar he pehtlaihnak an ngeihnak thawngin Aristotle a nunnak ah santlaihnak thukpi a rak ngei.

Plato sianginn in cacawn hram ai thawk. Aristotle cu thiamnak a ngeimi a si caah Plato zong nih a conglawmh ngaingai. Plato a thih hnu ah Aristotle cu sianginn in a chuak ve. A hawipa Hermias he Atarneus ah an um. Harmias a farnu cu nupi caah Aristotle nih a tthit. Aristotle mi khuaruah a sinak le a fimnak theih khawh a sinak a hmasabik cu Plato a thlanchung ah ca a ttialmi le a bawipa Harmais Persian pawl nih an tlaih i, an nawn tikah a lung a fak tuk i biazai (poem) a phan hna nakin a si.

Aristotle cu rilikam a um lio ahhin thilnung hna an sining hngalh khawhnak dingah cuka ah cun cawnnak a ngei i; cu pinah thil dangdang zong a cawn chih fawn hna. Cu ti’n caan a hman lioah Makedonia (Macedonia) bawipa Philip nih a fapa Alexander cawnpiak dingin a kawh-auh. Philip bawi nih Alexander a chuah lio ahhin Aristotle cu kuttlaihnak caah lawmman a rak kuat. Cu a kuatmi ah capelte a ttial chih, “Fapa ka ngeih caah kai lawm i pathian hna cung zongah kailawm. Cu hlei ah na caan liote i a chuah hi kai lawmh khunnak a si. Nangmah nih na cawnpiak ahcun ka bawi tthudan hmun rawlhtu ding mifim le mitling ah ai chuah ko lai,” ti hi a si. Aristotle zong nih Alexander a chuah ahhin ka cawnpiak lai tiah biakamnak a rak pek ve hna.

Philip bawi nih Aristotle cu amah tein cawnnak sianginn dirh dingah nawl a pek. Cuticun Aristotle nih Pillas pawng Miaza hmun ah sianginn a dirh. Mah hmun cu hmawngtang a si i Lasii pawl nih lente an icelhnak hmun a si. Hi hmun ah Alexander le Grik mirum fa hna cu fimnak an cawng. A cawnpiak liomi hna a sianghnakchia pawl nih an cawnpiaktu cu an ttihzah i an upat taktak. Pathian bantukin a hmai ah an khun tawn. Alexander belte nih cun Aristotle cu a fimnak le a thiamnak zeitluk dah a si tiah a theih ko nate in Pathian bantuk in upatnak pek i, a hmai ah kunpiak cu a herh a ti lem lo.

Nikhat cu zingkate ah ramuk bawi chungkhar hngakchiabik pakhat sinah kanpi le pu hna bawi an sinak cu ro ah co law zeidah na tuah lai tiah Aritotle nih a hal. Harnak a rak tlun caan paoh ah a cawnpiaktu Aristotle kha ruahnak va hal peng i, a cawnpiaknak kha a tak in hman peng dingah ai timhnak kha hngakchia pa nih cun a chim. Cu bantukin hngakchia pakhat zong nih a leh ve. Alexander zong a caan a phan ve cang. Alexader nih cun, “Thaizing ah zei dah a tlung lai tiah ka thei lo i, mi zeihmanh nih an thei kho hlei lai lo. A caan a phanh tikah cun biahalnak cu ka hal tthan law thil umtu ning zoh in kan leh tthante ko lai,” tiah a leh.

Philip bawi nih a fapa cawnpiaktu Aristotle cu a upat i a lawmh zong a lawmh fawn. Stagira khuapi a rawk cangmi kha Aristotle upatnak langhternak ah a sersiam tthan. Hi khuapi a zamtakmi pawl kha rak kir dingah a sawm tthan hna. Hi khuapi in a zammi pawl cu khuadang ah sal ah an rak hman hna i harsa taktak in an rak um hna. Aristotle nih Alexander cu a thinlung chungin a upat ngaingai. Cu lawng siloin Alexander cu lam dangdang in cawnpiaknak a ngeihpiak rih.

Philip bawi nih Alexander sinah “Aristotle cu ka upat i a umnak khua kan serpiak tthan hi a si awk hrimhrim a si. Bawi pawl tthutto ning le an tuah dingmi a cawnpiak hna caah a sangbik laksawng pek awk zong ai tlak,” tiah Aristotle a upatnak he pehtlai in bia a chim. A sianginn a chuahtak hnu bawi a si hnu zongah a cawnpiaktu Aristotle cu Alaxander nih a tlaihchan i upatnak sangbik a pek. “Kapa sinin nunnak cu ka hmuh i Aristotle nih mitling ka si khawhnak ah theihnak a ka pek,” tiah Alexander nih a ti. Aristotle nih biology a cawn i (Biology cu science phunkhat, thilnung, thingram lei cawnnak a si) hlathlainak (research) a tuah lioah Alexander nih amah bawmtu dingah minung thongkhat a pek. Mah hna nih thilnung umtu ning an hlathlai hna. Hi minung pawl nih Aristotle sinah an chimh chin tawn. Hi pinah Alexander nih phaisa le thilri tiangin a bawmh rih.

Alexander cu Asia lei a kal lio ahhin Aristotle zong Atheni khua ah ai rak tthial ve. Hi lio ahhin Atheni cu Grik ram lawng siloin vawlei pumpi ah cawnnak hmunsangbik a rak si cang. Hi lio caan ah Aristotle cu kum 50 a si. Atheni ah sianginn a tuah tthan i cu sianginn min ah Lyceum tiah a sak. Mi vialte nih Filawsofer (Philosopher) minthang bikah an cohlan caah mitampi nih a sianginn ah cacawn awkah an lut. A sianghngakchia pawl cu thil phun tampi a cawnpiak hna. Cun science lei ah thiamnak taktak a ngeih caah siibawi thiam taktak zong a si. A pa hnu a zulh lioah ngandamnak leiah rianttuan dingah a thinlung ah a rak iruah cang nain caan a van rauh hnu ah a ttuan duhbikmi biology cu a tuah duhbik mi le can a pek ngaimi a si.

Iraq ram ah Alexander cu a thi i cu ruangah Atheni khua cu Aristotle caah humhimnak hmun a si kho ti lo. Makedonia bawi ttanhtu a si tiah sual an puh colh. Grik pawl thinlung tthat lo ning le an zirning kha a hngalh peng fawn. Sual i an puh colh ding zong kha a hlankhante in a rak theih cia. Socrates cungah thil a rak tlungmi kha a theih peng fawn. Hemlock (Siivai phunkhat) din ding le a duh fawn loh. Cu caah Atheni khua in a zam. Erboa rili kam ah a ummi Chalcis ah khua a va sa i B.C (322) ah a nunnak a liam.

Aristotle nih fimcawnnak leiah lam zeimaw zat a serpiak hna. Mirang hlaphan a thiam taktak mi John Dry-den nih “Aristotle nih a meifar a van ahcun vawlei pumpi a ceuh dih” tiah a ti. A cattial mi hna nih le vawlei pumpi caah lamthar le theihnak lam a sialtu/lamphahtu an si hna. Organon tiah min a sakmi cu Logic phungsertu a si, Rhetori cu biachim thiamnak leiah a hmasa a si. A thinlung a fimning le a thiamning cu Physics, Metaphysics le Topics min a sakmi hna nih an langhter khun. 

A cauk “On the Soul” timi cu biology le psychology cawnnak a thawktu an si. A bia le hla lakah roling taktak a simi hna cu Ethics (Nunning Ziaza lei) le Politics (Cozah hruaining/ukning le ramkhelnak) hna an si. Aristotle mifim cawnpiaktu ttha a si i; a min hi vawlei a hmun chung cu chimrel a dai ti lai lo. Chanthar mino caah Pathian nih thil lianngan a pekmi lakah Aristotle hi a si peng ko lai.

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Note: Vawleicung Miroling cauk (By Mang Hlei Cung)chungta lakchinmi a si.